Triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri

Sivaramakrishna, Chillara; Rao, C. V. N.; Golakoti, Trimurtulu; Mulabagal, Vanisree; Subbaraju, Gottumukkala V.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.016

Cited by 109 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Identity and purity (Ͼ95%) of the isolated compounds were confirmed by chromatographic (TLC, HPLC) and spectral (IR, Mass and NMR) data. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Bacopa monnieri plant materials, extracts analyzed in this study were supplied by M/s Laila Impex, Vijayawada, India and commercial formulations containing Bacopa monnieri were procured from the local market and Australia. Methanol and acetonitrile (HPLC grade), sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid (analytical grade) were purchased from Qualigens (Mumbai, India).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Twelve Bacopa Saponins in Bacopa monnieri Extracts and Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2006

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Bacopa monnieri (Family: Scrophulariaceae) is a medicinal herb, found throughout the Indian subcontinent in wet, damp and marshy areas.2) It is used in traditional Indian medicine, the Ayurveda, for the treatment of anxiety, and in improving intellect and memory for several centuries.3) In addition to memory boosting activity, it is also claimed to be useful in the treatment of cardiac, respiratory 4) and neuropharmacological 5) disorders like insomnia, insanity, depression, psychosis, epilepsy and stress. It was reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, sedative 6) free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidative activities 7) also. The pharmacological properties 8) of Bacopa monnieri were studied extensively and the activities were attributed mainly due to the presence of characteristic saponins called as "bacosides." Bacosides are complex mixture of structurally closely related compounds, glycosides of either jujubogenin or pseudojujubogenin (Fig. 1). Bacosides have been found to offer protective role in the synaptic functions of the nerves in hippocampus. 6) There are few methods reported in the literature for quantification of bacosides in plant extracts and formulations. Spectrophotometric methods 9,10) developed based on the hydrolysis of bacosides to an aglycone that has an absorption maximum at 278 nm. The major limitation of this method is that it lacks specificity and has interference from other hydrolyzed compounds. A high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) 11) method was developed for the estimation of bacoside A in Bacopa monnieri plant and its formulations. A few high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) 12-16) methods were also developed for the quantification of bacosides in Bacopa monnieri extracts and formulations. Ganzera et al. 15) reported the method for quantification of six saponins using gradient HPLC with PDA detector, but one of the major peaks was not completely characterized. Deepak et al. 16) determined bacoside A which contains 4 compounds by HPLC, but did not consider bacoside B. In another report, bacosides were estimated by HPLC, coupled NMR, MS and bioassay methods described. 14)As the number of aged people suffering from cognitive problems increases the memory boosters have gained immense importance and there is an urgent need to develop sensitive and reliable quality control techniques to establish the authenticity and purity of memory boosting formulations. The value of the method increases with the estimation of all the characteristic compounds present in the extracts because the major components could be present in several closely related species. In the present study, a simple reversed phase HPLC method was developed and validated for separation and simultaneous quantification of all the 12 bacopa saponins in Bacopa monnieri plant, extracts and commercial formulations. ExperimentalMaterials Compounds 1-12 were kindly provided by phytochemistry division of Laila Research Centre Vijayawada, India. Identity and purity (Ͼ95%) of ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Twelve Bacopa Saponins in Bacopa monnieri Extracts and Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

et al. 2006

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“…It is effective in cases of anxiety and neurosis and is a part of ayurvedic formulations like Brahmighrtam and Sarasvatarism (Shrivastava and Rajani 1999). It contains different types of saponins such as bacosides A, B, C, and D, which are the active triterpenoid p r i n c i p l e s a n d k n o w n a s Bm e m o r y c h e m i c a l s ( Sivaramakrishna et al 2005). The plant also contains several alkaloids, such as nicotine, brahmine, herpestine, several other pharmaceutically important compounds like stigmastanol, β-sitosterol and stigma sterol (Basu and Walia 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient shoots regeneration and genetic transformation of Bacopa monniera

Kumari

Vishwakarma

Gupta

et al. 2015

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Bacopa monniera is an important source of metabolites with pharmaceutical value. It has been regarded as a valuable medicinal plant and its entire commercial requirement is met from wild natural population. Recently, metabolic engineering has emerged as an important solution for sustained supply of assured and quality raw material for the production of active principles. Present report describes efficient in vitro multiplication and transformation method for genetic manipulation of this species. MS medium supplemented with 2 mgl −1 BA and 0.2 mgl −1 IAA was found optimum for maximum shoot regeneration (98.33 %) from in vitro leaves with 2-3 longitudinal cuts. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method was used for generating transgenic B. monniera plants. Putative transformants were confirmed by GUS assay and PCR based confirmation of hptII gene. DNA blot analysis showed single copy insertion of transgene cassette. An average of 87.5 % of the regenerated shoots were found PCR positive for hptII gene and GUS activity was detected in leaves of transgenic shoots at a frequency of 82.5 % The efficient multiple shoots regeneration system described herein may help in mass production of B. monniera plant. Also, the high frequency transformation protocol described here can be used for genetic engineering of B. monniera for enhancement of its pharmaceutically important metabolites.

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“…Triterpenoids are known to stimulate insulin release from pancreas and reduces oxidative stress whereas phenolic compounds are potent radical scavengers which increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduce lipid peroxidation. 54,55 It has been reported that the alcoholic extract of B. monnieri comprised various types of saponins including bacopasaponin A,B, C, D, pseudojujubogenin, bacopaside I, II, II, IV, and V. 56,57 Saponins isolated from medicinal plants are found to be renoprotective as they reduce fasting blood glucose and albuminuria, reverses the glomerular hyperfilteration state and ameliorates proliferative glomerular pathological changes during the early stages of DN in rat models. 22 Saponins produce a significant reduction in blood glucose and lipid profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renoprotective effect ofBacopa monnieri viainhibition of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy

Kishore¹,

Kaur²,

Singh³

2016

Renal Failure

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Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of alcohol and hydroalcohol extract of Bacopa monnieri and stigmasterol isolated from B. monnieri in the treatment of DN. Diabetes was induced in male wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.p.) 15 min after nicotinamide (230 mg/ kg, i.p.) administration. After 30 days, the rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and stigmasterol (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 45 days to analyze their nephroprotective effect and produced significant attenuation in the serum glucose level, uric acid, creatinine, and lipid levels. Moreover, there is improvement in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and decrease in lipid peroxidation in terms of TBARS. The formation of AGEs in kidneys was also significantly reduced. These findings suggest that B. monnieri and its isolate (stigmasterol) might inhibit the progression of DN.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Triterpenoid glycosides from Bacopa monnieri

Cited by 109 publications

References 20 publications

Estimation of Twelve Bacopa Saponins in Bacopa monnieri Extracts and Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Estimation of Twelve Bacopa Saponins in Bacopa monnieri Extracts and Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Efficient shoots regeneration and genetic transformation of Bacopa monniera

Renoprotective effect ofBacopa monnieri viainhibition of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy

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