Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, a pervasive flame retardant: critical perspective on its emissions into the environment and human toxicity

Maddela, Naga Raju; Venkateswarlu, Kadiyala; Megharaj, Mallavarapu

doi:10.1039/d0em00222d

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…183,184 Deplorably, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a pervasive flame retardant (FR), is ubiquitous in a range of consumer products such as plasticizers, preservatives, and fragrances. 23 Due to the high volatilization propensity of TCEP (volatilization flux of 1100 ng m −3 day −1 ), it can leach easily from the consumer products and get released into the environment. 184 Therefore, TCEP is one of the widespread pollutants in the soil environments.…”

Section: Novel Flame Retardants (Frs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks

et al. 2022

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Section: Novel Flame Retardants (Frs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TCEP can easily reach the soil through biotic and abiotic factors, exhibit phytoaccumulation, and threaten the food chain by accumulating in edible crops (). 23,203–205 Hence, policies and regulations on the levels of OPEs should be effective, especially for agricultural lands.…”

Section: Novel Flame Retardants (Frs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks

et al. 2022

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“…167 The available meta-analysis dada confirmed that tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a pervasive FR, is carcinogenic in humans. 168 An ex vivo human placental perfusion model confirmed the maternal–foetal transfer of bisphenols. 36…”

Section: Potential Human Health Risks Of Cecsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks

Maddela

Ramakrishnan

Rivadeneira

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…As the presence of leached antimony in bottled water is a serious public health and safety concern, a detailed analysis of the published data on the presence, concentration, and leaching of PET is essential [38]. The persistence and toxicity risk aspects of PET additives are summarized in Table 2 [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Synthetic Plastics-categories and Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

Ahmaditabatabaei

Kyazze

Iqbal

et al. 2021

JoF

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The ubiquitous persistence of plastic waste in diverse forms and different environmental matrices is one of the main challenges that modern societies are facing at present. The exponential utilization and recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), results in their extensive accumulation, which is a significant threat to the ecosystem. The growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and oceans is alarming due to its possible adverse effects on biota. Thus, there is an urgent need to mitigate plastic waste to tackle the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. With regards to PET, there is a plethora of literature on the transportation route, ingestion, environmental fate, amount, and the adverse ecological and human health effects. Several studies have described the deployment of various microbial enzymes with much focus on bacterial-enzyme mediated removal and remediation of PET. However, there is a lack of consolidated studies on the exploitation of fungal enzymes for PET degradation. Herein, an effort has been made to cover this literature gap by spotlighting the fungi and their unique enzymes, e.g., esterases, lipases, and cutinases. These fungal enzymes have emerged as candidates for the development of biocatalytic PET degradation processes. The first half of this review is focused on fungal biocatalysts involved in the degradation of PET. The latter half explains three main aspects: (1) catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolysis in the presence of cutinases as a model fungal enzyme, (2) limitations hindering enzymatic PET biodegradation, and (3) strategies for enhancement of enzymatic PET biodegradation.

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Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, a pervasive flame retardant: critical perspective on its emissions into the environment and human toxicity

Abstract: Regulatory and manufacturers’ voluntary activities led to a market shift in the use of flame retardants (FRs). Organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) have emerged as a replacement to polybrominated diphenyl...

Cited by 21 publications

References 140 publications

Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks

Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks

Chemicals/materials of emerging concern in farmlands: sources, crop uptake and potential human health risks

Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

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