Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-zirconia-Nafion composite films applied as solid-state electrochemiluminescence detector for capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

The major goal of this work was to develop a new solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detector suitable for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The detector was fabricated by coating a sol-gel derived zirconia (ZrO(2))-Nafion composite film on a graphite electrode, then the zirconia-Nafion modified electrode was immersed in tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)) solution to immobilize this active chemiluminescence reagent. The voltammetric and ECL behaviors of the detector were investigated and optimized in tripropylamine solution. The ratio of 53% for zirconia in the zirconia-Nafion composite provided the highest luminescence intensity of immobilized Ru(bpy)(3) (2+). The ECL can maintain its stability very well in the phosphate solution in the period of 5-90 h when the solid-state ECL detector was immersed in the solution all the time. The optimum distance of capillary outlet to the solid-state ECL detector has been found to be ca. 50-80 microm for a 75 microm capillary. The effects of ionic strength and pH of ECL solution on peak height were investigated. The CE with solid-state ECL detector system was successfully used to detect tripropylamine, lidocaine, and proline. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 5 x 10(-9) mol.L(-1) for tripropylamine, 1 x 10(-8) mol.L(-1) for lidocaine and 5 x 10(-6) mol.L(-1) for proline, and the linear ranges were from 1.0 x 10(-8) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol.L(-1) for tripropylamine, 5.0 x 10(-7) mol.L(-1) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol.L(-1) for lidocaine and 1.0 x 10(-5) to 1.0 x 10(-3) mol.L(-1) for proline, respectively.

Preparation of Nafion-Ru(bpy)32+-Chitosan/Gold Nanoparticles Composite Film and Its Electrochemiluminescence Application

“…4,17 So researchers had committed themselves to look for new materials and immobilization methods to fabricate ECL sensors in order to increase the sensitivity and stability. Sensors such as carbon nanotube/Nafion, 14 Nafion-silica, 19 Nafion-titania, 20 and Nafion-zirconia composite film 21 had been reported. Several recent papers concerned with the use of nanomaterials to fabricate ECL sensors were reported.…”

Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensor Based on Platinized Carbon Nanotube–Zirconia–Nafion Composite Films

“…al reported the ECL sensor based on the zirconia-Nafion composite for the detector for capillary electrophoresis [24,25]. In addition, we previous reported on the use of zirconia -Nafion composite film for the construction of glucose biosensor [25]. In the present work, we describe the electrochemical and ECL characteristics of the Ru(bpy) 3 2þ ECL sensor based on platinized carbon nanotube (CNT) -zirconia -Nafion composite films as an immobilization matrix.…”

“…Previously, Ding et. al reported the ECL sensor based on the zirconia-Nafion composite for the detector for capillary electrophoresis [24,25]. In addition, we previous reported on the use of zirconia -Nafion composite film for the construction of glucose biosensor [25].…”

CE‐ECL detection of gatifloxacin in biological fluid after clean‐up using SPE

“…ECL using tris(2,2 0 -bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 21 ) has been extensively applied for the analysis of various compounds containing secondary or tertiary amine [21,22]. In recent years, ECL has attracted increasing interest as CE end-column detector for separation and detection of amine containing compounds and their derivatives for its high sensitivity, simple instrument and low assay cost [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Using an end-column electrode to convert Ru(bpy) 3 21 to active Ru(bpy) 3 31 form allows a simple and sensitive ECL detection scheme.…”