Triroc: A Multi-Channel SiPM Read-Out ASIC for PET/PET-ToF Application

Ahmad, S.; Fleury, J.; Taille, C. De La; Seguin-Moreau, N.; Dulucq, F.; Martin-Chassard, Gisèle; Callier, S.; Thienpont, D.; Raux, L.

doi:10.1109/tns.2015.2397973

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Each array was an 8 × 4 matrix of the SiPM cell with an active area of 3 × 3 mm 2 and an outside dimension of 3.4 × 3.4 mm 2 . The 64 SiPM outputs from one tile were processed by a 64-channel TRIROC ASIC [117]. The preliminary measurement showed that the PET detector could provide a CRT of 420 ps FWHM and an energy resolution of 10.7% with a single crystal (3.3 × 3.3 × 8.0 mm 3 ) setup.…”

Section: Silicon Photomultipliers (Sipms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Applications

Jiang

Chalich

Deen

2019

Sensors

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Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an essential tool in clinical applications for the diagnosis of diseases due to its ability to acquire functional images to help differentiate between metabolic and biological activities at the molecular level. One key limiting factor in the development of efficient and accurate PET systems is the sensor technology in the PET detector. There are generally four types of sensor technologies employed: photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), avalanche photodiodes (APDs), silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), and cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors. PMTs were widely used for PET applications in the early days due to their excellent performance metrics of high gain, low noise, and fast timing. However, the fragility and bulkiness of the PMT glass tubes, high operating voltage, and sensitivity to magnetic fields ultimately limit this technology for future cost-effective and multi-modal systems. As a result, solid-state photodetectors like the APD, SiPM, and CZT detectors, and their applications for PET systems, have attracted lots of research interest, especially owing to the continual advancements in the semiconductor fabrication process. In this review, we study and discuss the operating principles, key performance parameters, and PET applications for each type of sensor technology with an emphasis on SiPM and CZT detectors—the two most promising types of sensors for future PET systems. We also present the sensor technologies used in commercially available state-of-the-art PET systems. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of these four types of sensors are compared and the research challenges of SiPM and CZT detectors are discussed and summarized.

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Section: Silicon Photomultipliers (Sipms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Applications

Jiang

Chalich

Deen

2019

Sensors

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“…The 64 signals from a tile are read out by a 64-channel TRIROC ASIC [22]. In each analog channel of the ASIC, the input signal is split into a high-gain and a low-gain path for time and charge A/D conversion, respectively.…”

Section: B Data Acquisition System and Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 18 TX boards (one per sector) are used in the TRIMAGE PET system. Every time a TRIROC detects an event, it produces a series of data packets containing the ADC and TDC outputs, one per validated channel [22], [23]. Each data packet is decoded by the FPGA and its TDC payload is calibrated using a calibration map that is loaded on-chip at boot time.…”

Section: B Data Acquisition System and Power Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Detector Performance of the PET Component of the TRIMAGE PET/MR/EEG Scanner

Belcari

Bisogni

Camarlinghi

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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The TRIMAGE project aims at developing a braindedicated PET/MR system able to perform simultaneous PET and MR acquisitions for application in schizophrenia. Both PET and MR components have been designed in this project. The PET component consists of a full ring with 18 sectors each comprising three square detector modules. The modules are based on duallayer staggered matrices of LYSO crystals read out by silicon photomultipliers. The FOV of the combined PET/MR/EEG system has an inner diameter of 260 mm and an axial extension of 160 mm. This paper describes in full detail the final version of the PET detectors and the related electronics. It also reports on the preliminary performance of a pair of sectors in terms of pixel resolvability index (RI), energy resolution, singles count rate capability and coincidence time resolution (CTR). The procedures used for the optimization and calibration of PET detector are described. Results demonstrate the pixel/layer identification performance with a RI of about 0.2 while the energy resolution resulted in 20% and 22% FWHM for the bottom and top layer, respectively. The maximum singles count rate of a PET detector is about 700 kcps and the CTR of two sectors is 515 ps.

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“…These ASICs typically support 8 to 64 data channels [12]- [20]. The time binning of the employed time-to-digital converters (TDC) can range from 20 ps-50 ps [18], [19], [21], [22]. The energy of the signal can either be measured by a time-over-threshold method (tot-mode) [13], [23] or via signal integration (qdcmode), e.g., as applied for the Weeroc, PETA and TOFPET ASIC series [12], [15], [18]- [20], [24]- [32] The measurement can be linear for integrating charges up to 2000 p.e.-3000 p.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Power Consumption of the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC

Nadig

Weissler

Radermacher

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.

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In state-of-the-art positron emission (PET) tomography systems, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are commonly used to precisely digitize the signals of analog silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs). However, when operating PET electronics in a magnetic resonance (MR) system, one faces the challenge of mutual interference of these imaging techniques. To prevent signal deterioration along long analog signal lines, PET electronics with a low power consumption digitizing the signals close to the SiPMs are preferred. In this study, we evaluate the power consumption of the TOFPET2 ASIC. Its power consumption ranges from 3.6 mW/channel to 7.2 mW/channel as a function of the input stage impedance and discriminator noise settings. We present an analytical model allowing to compute the power consumption of a given ASIC configuration. The configured input stage impedance and discriminator noise have an impact on the coincidence resolution time, energy resolution, and dark count rate. Since TOFPET2 ASICs delivers state-ofthe art performance with a power consumption similar or even lower than other ASICs typically used for PET applications, it is a favorable candidate to digitize the signals of SiPMs in future simultaneous PET/MR systems.

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Triroc: A Multi-Channel SiPM Read-Out ASIC for PET/PET-ToF Application

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Applications

Sensors for Positron Emission Tomography Applications

Design and Detector Performance of the PET Component of the TRIMAGE PET/MR/EEG Scanner

Investigation of the Power Consumption of the PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC

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