Triptolide: pharmacological spectrum, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and derivatives

Gao, Jie; Zhang, Yifeng; Liu, Xihong; Wu, Xianhua; Huang, Luqi; Gao, Wei

doi:10.7150/thno.57745

Cited by 81 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(191 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…25 The potency of TP is 100-200-times higher than that of tripterygium glycosides, and it shows improved bioavailability and reduced side effects. 26,27 In various diseases, TP regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion, and immune responses by inducing autophagy. [28][29][30][31][32][33] However, the exact mechanism of action of TP in IgAN remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Mesangial cell proliferation is the most basic pathological feature of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); however, the specific underlying mechanism and an appropriate therapeutic strategy are yet to be unearthed. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of triptolide (TP) on IgAN and the mechanism by which TP regulates autophagy and proliferation of mesangial cells through the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. Methods: We established a TP-treated IgAN mouse model and produced IgA1-induced human mesangial cells (HMC) and divided them into control, TP, IgAN, and IgAN+TP groups. The levels of mesangial cell proliferation (PCNA, cyclin D1, cell viability, and cell cycle) and autophagy (P62, LC3 II, and autophagy flux rate) were measured, with the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine used to explore the relationship between autophagy and proliferation. We observed CARD9 expression in renal biopsies from patients and analyzed its clinical significance. CARD9 siRNA and overexpression plasmids were constructed to investigate the changes in mesangial cell proliferation and autophagy as well as the expression of CARD9 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK following TP treatment. Results: Administering TP was safe and effectively alleviated mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN mice. Moreover, TP inhibited IgA1-induced HMC proliferation by promoting autophagy. The high expression of CARD9 in IgAN patients was positively correlated with the severity of HMC proliferation. CARD9/p38 MAPK was involved in the regulation of HMC autophagy and proliferation, and TP promoted autophagy to inhibit HMC proliferation by downregulating the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway in IgAN. Conclusion: TP promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgAN via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies show that triptolide exhibits neuroprotection toward Aβ 1-42 toxicity . With the increased study of triptolide, a number of reports indicate that triptolide exerts hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, and its toxicity has hindered its clinical use (Gao et al 2021). We established triptolide as safe at the beginning of the experiment and observed no significant difference when compared with the control group (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection of Triptolide against Amyloid-Beta1-42-induced toxicity via the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-mediated Autophagy Pathway

PENG

et al. 2022

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

T riptolide is a natural active compound that has signifi cant neuroprotective properties and shows promising effects in the treatment of A lzheimer's disease (AD).Recent studies have shown that autophagy occurs in AD. In this study, we determined whether autophagy regulated by triptolide ameliorates neuronal death caused by am yloid-Beta 1-42 (Aβ 1-42 ). We examined the effects of triptolide on cell viability, autophagy, apoptosis, and the protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamysin/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Akt/mTOR/p70S6K) signaling pathway in PC12 cells. The results indicated that triptolide treatment exhibited a cytoprotective effect against cell injury induced by Aβ 1-42 . Triptolide also reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell survival by decreasing autophagosome accumulation and inducing autophagic degradation. Furthermore, our results also showed that activating the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K mechanism was one reason for the protection of triptolide. Triptolide treatment protected against Aβ 1-42 -induced cytotoxicity by decreasing autophagosome accumulation, and inducing autophagic degradation in PC12 cells. These fi ndings also suggest that the reduction of autophagosome accumulation observed in triptolide-treated cells was Akt/mTOR/ p70S6K pathway dependent. Overall, triptolide exhibits a neuron protective effect and this study provides new insight into AD prevention and treatment.

show abstract

“…Triptolide, a natural diterpene triepoxide compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F , has promising multiple pharmacological activities, particularly anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor activities ( Yuan et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2021 ). However, the application of TPL in the clinic is restricted due to its multiorgan toxicity and poor solubility ( Hou et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Exosomes As Delivery Vehicles For Compounds Isolated From Tcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: A novel insight into traditional Chinese medicine

Zhao

Liang

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles and play an essential role in the mediation of intercellular communication both in health and disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has historically been used to maintain human health and treat various diseases up till today. The interplay between exosomes and TCM has attracted researchers’ growing attention. By integrating the available evidence, TCM formulas and compounds isolated from TCM as exosome modulators have beneficial effects on multiple disorders, such as tumors, kidney diseases, and hepatic disease, which may associate with inhibiting cells proliferation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and attenuating fibrosis. Exosomes, a natural delivery system, are essential in delivering compounds isolated from TCM to target cells or tissues. Moreover, exosomes may be the potential biomarkers for TCM syndromes, providing strategies for TCM treatment. These findings may provide a novel insight into TCM from exosomes and serve as evidence for better understanding and development of TCM.

show abstract

Triptolide: pharmacological spectrum, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and derivatives

Cited by 81 publications

References 172 publications

Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway

Triptolide promotes autophagy to inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in IgA nephropathy via the CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway

Neuroprotection of Triptolide against Amyloid-Beta1-42-induced toxicity via the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K-mediated Autophagy Pathway

Exosomes: A novel insight into traditional Chinese medicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About