Triple primary lung cancer: a case report

Abstract

Background The risk of developing lung cancer is increased in smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, individuals exposed to environmental carcinogens, and those with a history of lung cancer. Automobile exhaust fumes containing carcinogens are a risk factor for lung cancer. However, we go through life unaware of the fact that automobile exhaust is the cause of cancer. Especially, in lung cancer patient, it is important to search out pre-existing risk factors and advice to avoid them, and monitor carefully for recurrence after treatment. Case presentation This is the first report of a case with triple lung cancers with different histologic types at different sites, observed in a 76-year-old parking attendant. The first adenocarcinoma and the second squamous cell carcinoma were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery because the patient did not want to undergo surgery. Although the patient stopped intermittent smoking after the diagnosis, he continued working as a parking attendant in the parking lot. After 29 months from the first treatment, the patient developed a third new small cell lung cancer; he was being treated with chemoradiation. Conclusions New mass after treatment of lung cancer might be a multiple primary lung cancer rather than metastasis. Thus, precision evaluation is important. This paper highlights the risk factors for lung cancer that are easily overlooked but should not be dismissed, and the necessity of discussion with patients for the surveillance after lung cancer treatment. We should look over carefully the environmental carcinogens already exposed, and counsel to avoid pre-existing lung cancer risk factors at work or residence in patients with lung cancer.

Rare Synchronous Lung Cancers in a Nonsmoker with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Alterations: A Case Report

“…Its incidence is higher in women, people with a history of malignant disease, and those with COPD. Female sex and lack of smoking are independent risk factors for sMPLC [8].…”

Metachronous and Synchronous Triple Primary Lung Cancers in a Chronic Smoker

“…Triple primary lung cancer is even more exceptionally rare within the MPLC category, and, to our knowledge, this is the second documented case reporting triple primary lung cancer with three distinct histologic types. 2 There are currently three main diagnostic criteria for MPLCs: Martini Melamed criteria, ACCP guidelines, and the TNM staging system due to the absence of globally recognized guidelines and diagnostic challenges. 3 In general, MPLC is categorized as synchronous or metachronous.…”

Consequences of exposure to pollutants on respiratory health: From genetic correlations to causal relationships

“…Automobile exhaust is known to contain carcinogens that can lead to respiratory disorders, such as lung cancer [ 27 ]. Therefore, our results related to the causal effect of “Transport type for commuting to job workplace: Car or motor vehicle” exposure on “Diseases of the respiratory system” and “Other pulmonary diagnosis” conditions are confirmed by literature.…”