Triple primary cancer of the head and neck, skin and prostate: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Second primary cancer (SPC) is an important prognostic factor for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC); therefore, the association between the prognosis and development of SPC has been well-reported. The use of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is valuable to examine cancer stage, evaluate treatment responses and investigate suspected relapses or metastases. In the present study, the case of a male patient who was diagnosed with three primary cancer types, including well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the mandible, axillary cutaneous poorly differentiated SCC and prostate adenocarcinoma, was described. Among these, mandible cancer was the first diagnosed when the patient was 70 years of age. Synchronous skin and prostate cancer (PRC) types then developed 3 years later. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the aforementioned combination of cancer types. Postoperative FDG-PET was not performed as no lesions of recurrence or metastases of mandible cancer were found. Three years later, the PRC was asymptomatic and was incidentally detected by FDG-PET performed for a preoperative evaluation of skin cancer. It was indicated that FDG-PET could be utilized in patients with HNC due to there being no accurate FDG-PET protocol to detect SPC over a long-term follow-up.

Prognostic outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma derived from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review

“…The emergence of second primary tumours can be explained by the field cancerization phenomenon and corresponds to an important prognostic factor in head and neck cancers (Bagan et al, 2020; Maruyama et al, 2018). In our review, we found 84 cases of new primary tumours (40% of the P‐OSCC sample), 10 of which were described as third primary tumours, 1 as a fourth primary tumour and 1 as a fifth primary tumour.…”