Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and treatment options

Abstract

TNBCs or Triple negative breast cancers are characterized by the deficiency of progesterone and estrogen receptors and also the absence down regulation of Human epithelial growth receptor type 2 (HER2). TNBCs have low prognosis rate because of heterogeneity.The heterogeneous nature of this cancer has constrained the effective progress in drug targeting among certain people.. In general HER2, PR and ER and the rate of proliferation are main predictive and prognostic factors in the detection of cancer of breast.Several pathways are involved in the progression of triple negative breast cancer from basal like cancer cells. The foremost being the loss by BRCA1-mediated pathway or mutation in the expression of several receptors.Certain groups have made some progress in unwinding TNBC's biological diversity and relating patterns of gene expression to molecular or genotypic subtypes.Earlier molecular categories of breast cancer use PAM50 via gene expression analysis to separate the breast cancer into the 4 intrinsic subtypes classified among many TNBCs in basal (BL) group and others divided between HER2 and luminal rich group. Currently, targeted therapy for TNBCs has not been approved. Nonetheless, a continuous progress has been made to detect the tumors at specific site for targeting and establish novel improved therapy.This review speaks about different approaches to TNBC treatment like cytotoxic therapy, targeted strategies, and chemotherapeutics by damage to DNA and targeting for repair of DNA and potent Nano carriers for targeting TNBC.

An Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor to Investigate Random Telegraph Noise in Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…where α is the time duration at RTS level a, and β is the duration of RTS level b. To distinguish between two states, a likelihood relation can be used corresponding to the ratio between the two terms in Equation (2), which simplifies to the following:…”

“…Breast cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide, with several challenges at various stages of the clinical process, ranging from the initial diagnosis to treatments and therapies. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly difficult to treat given its aggressively metastatic nature, and the absence of common receptors that hormone therapies could target [1,2]. Although extensive work has been done with regard to the recording of individual ion channels in cancer cells using patch-clamp approaches, there are few studies at a cell population level.…”

Overcoming Cisplatin’s Challenges: A Promising Future in Cancer Care; A Comprehensive Review

“…The treatment of cancer varies depending on the cancer type and its stage. Patients receive a combination of conventional and therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, hormone therapy, and photodynamic therapy, as well as combined therapies [6][7][8]. Cisplatin is a potent and invaluable chemotherapy agent employed in the treatment of a wide spectrum of malignancies, including bladder, cervix, head and neck, ovary, non-small cell lung, prostate, esophagus, and metastatic breast cancers [9][10][11][12][13].…”