Triple helix circulation: the heart of innovation and development

Abstract

The premise of triple helix circulation is that movement of people around the spheres enhances creativity, ideas and skills. Universities, traditional providers of human resources and knowledge, are now critical socioeconomic development actors. Removing the blockages to circulation and enhancing interaction and cooperation among development actors and agencies is the development challenge of the 21 st century. Sustainable knowledge-based development is the objective of all societies in an interdependent era characterised by resource constriction and efflorescence of science and technology.

Multidisciplinary Team Research as an Innovation Engine in Knowledge-Based Transition Economies and Implication for Asian Countries -From the Perspective of the Science of Team Science

“…The circulation of individuals reflects a type of revolving door allowing for the introduction of viable ideas from one sphere to another through the flow of people. In this regard, reciprocity between factors and the equality of contributions to innovation may be important factors enhancing itself in a reflexive manner and facilitating adaptive changes (Dzisah & Etzkowitz, 2009). …”

University Company Government Interaction: FAPEMIG as Propeller Agent of the Scientific-Technological Development in Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Within this context, the entrepreneurial university differentiates itself from others with regard to three basic characteristics: support for entrepreneurial activities; the existence of mechanisms for interface, such as the offices of technology transfer; and a significant number of employees capable of creating companies (Dzisah & Etzkowitz, 2009). …”

Strengthening competency linkage to innovation at Korean universities

“…There might be four innovation poles in Korea (Dzisah and Etzkowitz 2009;Lee 2009Lee , 2010Lee et al 2007): Those are universities, GRIs (government-sponsored research institutes), large firms, and SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises). How each innovation pole contributes to ''national innovation-skill combination system'' is a hot issue.…”

“…In terms of innovation perspective, both R&D outputs of Korean universities (human Also, in the perspective of Triple Helix, weak university-industry (UI) linkage can be defined as a main issue of Korean innovation system. Circulation of person, idea/strategy, and innovation, briefly PI square circulation (Dzisah and Etzkowitz 2009), among government, university and industry has not been activated. Therefore, ''Death Valley'' between universities and industries is deeper in Korea than in US or in Japan.…”

“…In this regard, 'reciprocity' among factors and 'equality of contribution' to innovation is a crucial factor in a reflexive manner. Circulation of people reflects a sort of a revolving door that allows the introduction of viable ideas from one sphere to another (Dzisah and Etzkowitz 2009). Comparing exogenous versus endogenous innovation, we find some clues/suggestions of endogenous innovation from IT (Lee 2010).…”