Triple dermocystid-chytrid fungus-ranavirus co-infection in a Lissotriton helveticus

Ayres, César; Acevedo, Iván; Monsalve-Carcaño, Camino; Thumsová, Barbora; Bosch, Jaime

doi:10.1007/s10344-020-01381-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… Male-biased co-infections due to male parental care: nesting sites are highly infested by ticks, and also suitable for Bd persistence Not specified [ 100 ] Boana pulchella Adult Bd + Valentines rwandae Seasonal variability in prevalence, with distinct peaks for the two parasites No association [ 217 ] Lissotriton helveticus Adult Bd + Rv + Dermocystidium sp. Isolated from a dead individual collected in the field Not specified [ 218 ] Rana aurora Larval Bd + ciliates + flagellates + Ribeiroia sp. + other macroparasites Bd -infected tadpoles had significantly lower parasite species richness than those not infected Diverse macroparasite fauna negatively influenced Bd prevalence [ 198 ] Pseudacris regilla Larval, metamorph Bd + Alaria sp.…”

Section: Co-infection By Heterologous Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review

et al. 2021

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Parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, helminths, and arthropods, are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Consequently, hosts are frequently infected with more than one parasite species simultaneously. The assessment of such co-infections is of fundamental importance for disease ecology, but relevant studies involving non-domesticated animals have remained scarce. Many amphibians are in decline, and they generally have a highly diverse parasitic fauna. Here we review the literature reporting on field surveys, veterinary case studies, and laboratory experiments on co-infections in amphibians, and we summarize what is known about within-host interactions among parasites, which environmental and intrinsic factors influence the outcomes of these interactions, and what effects co-infections have on hosts. The available literature is piecemeal, and patterns are highly diverse, so that identifying general trends that would fit most host–multiparasite systems in amphibians is difficult. Several examples of additive, antagonistic, neutral, and synergistic effects among different parasites are known, but whether members of some higher taxa usually outcompete and override the effects of others remains unclear. The arrival order of different parasites and the time lag between exposures appear in many cases to fundamentally shape competition and disease progression. The first parasite to arrive can gain a marked reproductive advantage or induce cross-reaction immunity, but by disrupting the skin and associated defences (i.e., skin secretions, skin microbiome) and by immunosuppression, it can also pave the way for subsequent infections. Although there are exceptions, detrimental effects to the host are generally aggravated with increasing numbers of co-infecting parasite species. Finally, because amphibians are ectothermic animals, temperature appears to be the most critical environmental factor that affects co-infections, partly via its influence on amphibian immune function, partly due to its direct effect on the survival and growth of parasites. Besides their importance for our understanding of ecological patterns and processes, detailed knowledge about co-infections is also crucial for the design and implementation of effective wildlife disease management, so that studies concentrating on the identified gaps in our understanding represent rewarding research avenues.

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Section: Co-infection By Heterologous Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review

et al. 2021

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“…reported in eels in China and Europe (Sellyei et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021), molluscan hosts such as oysters (Perkins, 1976), and amphibians and countless species of teleosts worldwide (Mahbouba and Shaheenb, 2020;Shamsi et al, 2020). Among amphibians, Dermocystidium and Dermocystidiumlike species have been described in frogs in Italy and Spain (Pascolini et al, 2003;Ayres et al, 2020). Although Olson et al (1991) explored waterborne transmission of Dermocystidium in the laboratory, limited knowledge exists on the biology and transmission dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Disease Presentation Associated with a Mesomycetozoean-Like Organism in the Jeweled Chameleon (Furcifer campani)

Nash

McDermott

McGrew

et al. 2023

Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery

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Recent evidence suggests that lizards of the family Chamaeleonidae are one of the most heavily parasitized groups of reptiles kept in captivity; however, little is known about the clinical implications of these infections. Relative to other host species, there is a paucity of information on reptile parasites, and the breadth of parasites that infect chameleons is not well-described. Here, we report a parasitic infection most consistent with organisms belonging to the Mesomycetozoea group, in male and female wild-caught jeweled chameleons (Furcifer campani). Clinical features of infection included persistent weight loss despite increased food intake, cachexia, abnormally increased light- and heat-seeking behavior, coelomic distention, and loose, watery stools. Histologically, there was extensive granuloma formation present in the liver and widespread localization of PAS- and GMS-positive spores resembling those of Dermocystidium sp. in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and other tissues. A second case of infection with this pathogen also presented with concurrent Mycobacterium sp. throughout the body, suggesting that infection with Mesomycetozoean organisms may serve as a primary cause of death; or conversely, may render the infected individual susceptible to secondary, opportunistic infection. The rapid health decline associated with infection in these cases argues for the need to better characterize prevalence and pathogenicity of parasites in captive chameleons.

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“…[15], which is the main infectious pathogen of multiple aquatic ectothermic vertebrates and is often implicated in mass die-offs of amphibians [16,17], even causing 100% mortality in tadpoles of some anuran species [18,19]. Moreover, amphibians also host understudied pathogens such as the fungal-like protists Mesomycetozoea [20][21][22][23]. Their biological features are typical of pathogens able of determining emerging infectious diseases in different amphibians as in the case of the genus Amphibiocistydium [24,25], but information on these organisms and their impacts remains scanty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Disease Caused by an Unidentified Etiological Agent Affects European Salamanders

Manenti

Mercurio

Melotto

et al. 2022

Animals

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New pathologies are causing dramatic declines and extinctions of multiple amphibian species. In 2013, in one fire salamander population of Northern Italy, we found individuals with undescribed cysts at the throat level, a malady whose existence has not previously been reported in amphibians. With the aim of describing this novel disease, we performed repeated field surveys to assess the frequency of affected salamanders from 2014 to 2020, and integrated morphological, histological, and molecular analyses to identify the pathogen. The novel disease affected up to 22% of salamanders of the study population and started spreading to nearby populations. Cysts are formed by mucus surrounding protist-like cells about 30 µm long, characterized by numerous cilia/undulipodia. Morphological and genetic analyses did not yield a clear match with described organisms. The existence of this pathogen calls for the implementation of biosecurity protocols and more studies on the dynamics of transmission and the impact on wild populations.

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Triple dermocystid-chytrid fungus-ranavirus co-infection in a Lissotriton helveticus

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review

Host–multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review

A Unique Disease Presentation Associated with a Mesomycetozoean-Like Organism in the Jeweled Chameleon (Furcifer campani)

A New Disease Caused by an Unidentified Etiological Agent Affects European Salamanders

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