Tripeptide Structure of Bursin, a Selective B-Cell-Differentiating Hormone of the Bursa of Fabricius

Audhya, Tapan; Kroon, Daniel J.; Heavner, George A.; Viamontes, George I.; Goldstein, Gideon

doi:10.1126/science.3484838

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Later on, a tripeptide hormone isolated from extracts of the Bursa of Fabricius and named bursopoietin or bursin, induced early B-cell differentiation (Brand et al, 1976;Audhya et al, 1991;Audhya et al, 1986).…”

Section: T Is Well Established That the Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Mazzone¹,

Aita²,

Gabrielli³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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The Bursa of Fabricius of 15 day, 1-, 3-, and 6 month-old adult chickens (White Leghorn strain) were studied by histological and histochemical staining, histoenzymatic reactions (LDH, SDH, α-GPDH, NAD, NADPH, Ca ++ -dependent ATP-ase, pH 8.5) and by anti-thymostimulin immunoreaction. Positive reactions for mucopolysaccharides and enzymatic activities were located in the epithelia of the follicles, i.e. in follicleassociated-epithelium (FAE), inter-follicle-epithelium (IFE) and in different epithelial compartments of cortical and medullary zones. Positive reaction for thymostimulin-like (TSlike) substance was restricted to FAE cells and weakly to the basal lamina of IFE. In 6-month-old chickens, the FAE cells disappeared; the phenomenon of bursal regression was evident, although not all the follicles were involved. In the few still normal follicles, the good reactivity to the enzymes tested suggests that residual physiological activity is still present, even if reduced. , 1621) is a primary lymphoid organ peculiar to birds. The bursa is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes to produce humoral immunological responses. The other primary lymphoid organ, the thymus, instead, is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, leading to cellular immunological responses (Dent and Good, 1965;Schaffner et al., 1974a;Le Douarin et al., 1984).The structure of the bursa has been described both during the ontogenetic period (Jolly, 1911a(Jolly, , 1914Cordier, 1969;Edwards et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1976;Le Douarin et al., 1984;Ritter and Lebacq, 1977) and during the posthatching period up to its involution (Jolly, 1911b(Jolly, ,1914Mc Connachie and Ruth, 1973;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982;Davenport and Allen, 1985).Since the discovery that the bursa was implicated in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes for humoral immunity (Chang et al., 1955;Glick et al., 1956;Papermaster and Good, 1962;Peterson and Good, 1965), attention was focused, on the one hand, on lymphoid cell populations (Ackermann and Knouff, 1959;Ackermann, 1962;Woods and Linna, 1965;Cooper et al., 1966; Toivanen et al., 1972 a,b;Toivanen et al., 1974;Back et al., 1973;Grossi et al., 1974;Grossi et al., 1976;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Glick, , 1995Glick et al., 1975;Eerola et al., 1982;Brand et al., 1983;Pink et al., 1985;Lassila, 1989;Nowak et al., 1990;Motyka and Reynolds, 1991;Petrini et al., 1991;Paramithiotis and Ratcliffe, 1993, 1994 a,b, 1996Reynaud and Weill, 1993;Masteller and Thompson, 1994;Masteller et al., 1995;Paramithiotis et al., 1995;Obranovich and Boyd, 1996;Funk and Thompson, 1996) and, on the other hand, on the epithelial stroma providing the bursal microenvironment within which B-cell maturation and differentiation occurs.

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Section: T Is Well Established That the Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Mazzone¹,

Aita²,

Gabrielli³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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“…Bursin, a tripeptide hormone of B cell differentiation (2), induced Bu-1 alloantigens and B-L antigens on the surface of precursor cells (9). The defect of differentiation of bursal stem cells in a cellimpermeable chamber suggested the significance of direct cell-to-cell contact (34).…”

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Identification of B‐L Antigens on Reticular Epithelial Cells of the Bursa of Fabricius

Hoshi

Nunoya

Ueda

1988

Microbiology and Immunology

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We have established two monoclonal antibodies against B-L antigens (chicken Ia-like antigens). The specificity of the antibodies for B-L antigens was determined by two criteria, the cellular expression and the molecular structure of antigens with which they reacted. They reacted with antigens expressed on bursacytes, Con A-blast thymocytes, macrophages, and MDCC MSB1, but not with thymocytes and erythrocytes. In molecular basis, they recognized 64,000 dalton glycoprotein consisting of two polypeptides, 35,000 and 32,000 dalton, which bound non-covalently. To investigate the distribution of B-L antigens on non-lymphoid cells of the bursa of Fabricius, which were thought to play important roles in the differentiation of B cells, anti-B-L antigen and anti-chicken immunoglobulin (Ig) monoclonal antibodies were used. B-L antigen-positive cells were detected in both cortical and medullary areas, whereas Ig-positive lymphoid cells were confined to the medullary areas of normal chicken bursal follicles. In the bursal follicles of cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated chickens, lymphoid cells were depleted but epithelial cells remained intact. And B-L antigen-positive but Ig-negative cells were easily detected in the medullary areas of almost all follicles. These cells were identified to be reticular epithelial cells (REp cells) from the result of their keratin expression.The bursa of Fabricius has been thought to be the central organ for B cell differentiation in avian species (18), although little is known about the mechanisms by which this organ controls B cell differentiation. At least four different types of bursal epithelia have been described (7) : plical epithelium lining the bursal lumen, specialized follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) at the apex of the follicle, basement membrane-associated epithelium (BMAE) at the cortico-medullary border, and reticular epithelial (REp) cells in the medulla. The lymphoid stem cells migrate into the epithelial anglage from day 7 to day 15 of embryonic age (23), and their proliferation leads to the development of lymphoid follicles. The medulla of bursal follicles is formed during embryonic development, and the follicular cortex develops soon after hatching. The precursor cells begin to express surface antigens of B cell characteristic through differentiation in the bursa. B-L (Ia-like) antigen-positive cells are first detected in the bursa from day 10 of incubation (15), and 2 days later IgM-positive cells can be found (20).Soluble factors and the direct cell-to-cell contact with epithelial cells were 173

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“…In particular, REC cells are addressed to participate with macrophages, dendritic cells and elements of the extracellular matrix in the formation of a bursal microenviroment for lymphoid cell maturation (Glick, 1995). During the last decade, it was suggested that bursal medullary REC might be a source of bursin (Audhya et al, 1986;Viamontes et al, 1989), a peptide which selectively induces the differentiation of committed Blymphocyte precursor cells (Audhya et al, 1986). The presence of UCN-like-ir in bursal epithelial cells suggests a role for this peptide in the bursal lymphoid cell maturation.…”

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Urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Luca¹,

Squillacioti²,

Pero³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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Urocortin (UCN) is a 40 aminoacid peptide which belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. This family of peptides stimulates the secretion of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), β-endorphin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the pituitary gland. In the present study, using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the distribution of UCN in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck was investigated at different ages. In the cloacal burse and thymus, Western blot demonstrated the presence of a peptide having a molecular weight compatible with that of the mammalian UCN. In the cloacal burse, immunoreactivity was located in the medullary epithelial cells and in the follicular associated and cortico-medullary epithelium. In the thymus, immunoreactivity was located in single epithelial cells. Double labelling immunofluorescence studies showed that UCN immunoreactivity completely colocalised with cytokeratin immunoreactivity in both the thymus and cloacal burse. Statistically significant differences in the percentage of UCN immunoreactivity were observed between different age periods in the cloacal burse. The results suggest that, in birds, urocortin has an important role in regulating the function of the immune system.

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Tripeptide Structure of Bursin, a Selective B-Cell-Differentiating Hormone of the Bursa of Fabricius

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Identification of B‐L Antigens on Reticular Epithelial Cells of the Bursa of Fabricius

Urocortin-like immunoreactivity in the primary lymphoid organs of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

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