Tripartite Relationships in Legume Crops Are Plant-Microorganism-Specific and Strongly Influenced by Salinity

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of specific strains of two arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Claroideoglomus claroideum) and of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Rhizobium leguminosarum and Burkholderia spp.), supplied either individually or as combination of a mixture of both arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi with each bacteria on root morphology, growth and fresh grain yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Inoculated and non-inoculated pea plants were subjected to two levels of salinity (0 and 50 mM) by the addition of sodium chloride into tap water. Prior to fresh grain harvesting the morphology of root system was analyzed and the dry matter of roots and shoots were individually measured in randomly selected plants. Fresh pods were individually harvested per each plant; fresh (green) grains were separately counted and weighted per each pod at each individual plant, and the average grain weight was calculated by dividing total grain weight of plant with the respective number of green grains. The raise of salinity in the irrigation water strongly diminished the growth of pea plants by significantly reducing weight, length, surface area and root volume of pea plants. The relationships of pea plants with beneficiary fungi and bacteria were specific to each microorganism and highly depended on the environment. We found that under saline conditions, Rhizophagus irregularis provided a better vegetative growth and a higher yield than Claroideoglomus claroideum. Although, single application of Burkolderia spp. provides a better vegetative growth than single application of Rhizobium leguminosarum the best results, in terms of growth and harvested yield, were still obtained by combined application of AM fungi with Rhizobium leguminosarum. This combination was able to sustain the average grain weight at the level of non-saline plants and provided a significantly higher yield than the control plants.

Synergistic effects of inoculating AMF and foliar iron fertilizer on growth and yield of broad bean under North Sinai conditions

“…Also, El-Tantawy and Nawar (2013) found that faba bean plants sprayed with Fe scored significantly the highest total yield (kg/faddan) compared to control treatment. According to our results the effect of interaction between inoculated AMF and foliar Fe concentrations agree with those reported by (Veselaj et al, 2018 andPereira et al, 2019) who showed that the inoculation with AMF improved productivity parameters such as number of pods and weight of pods and seeds, so that increased yield significantly. Also, this result found by Juntahum et al, (2020) who showed an increased productivity in Sugarcane plant by inoculation AMF alone while, the highest plant biomass and productivity were observed in the AMF + 50% P treatment.…”

Co-Amended Synergistic Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Organic Substrate-Induced Cucumber Yield and Fruit Quality Associated with the Regulation of the AM-Fungal Community Structure under Anthropogenic Cultivated Soil

“…In addition, this research also confirmed that there are significant relationships between the AMF development, Glomus community structure and fruit quality attributes (Figure 6). The increases in the fruit TSS, SS, OA, VC, and SP were positively associated [62], while the Fusarium suppression and reduction in nitrate concentration were negatively correlated with the enriched Glomus taxon [63]. These interactions were most likely attributable to the fact that the greatest colonization, spore germination and hyphal growth of Glomus species followed by Funneliformis can directly exert an impact on fruit productivity traits, which may be stimulated by the favorable mutualism induced by the treatments applied [4,16].…”

Effect of Biofertilization and Some Sinai’s Flora Extracts on the Vegetative Growth and Yield of Broad Bean

“…Plants inoculated with R. laguerreae and coinoculated with AMF presented higher rates of increased of grain yield (in terms of pod length, number of pods and seeds produced, and weight of pods and seeds per pod and yield (Tons/feddan). Also, Veselaj et al, (2018) found that combined application of AMF with R. leguminosarum under saline conditions, resulted a higher yield than the same treatment separately and control. Ravikumar (2012) and Denton et al, (2013) Improvement in grain yield, namely in the number of pods, seeds and weight of seeds, were reported in other studies with rhizobial inoculation in faba bean.…”