Tripartite Differentiation (Squamous, Glandular, and Melanocytic) of a Primary Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Isimbaldi, Giuseppe; Sironi, Maria; Taccagni, Gianluca; Declich, Paolo; Dell'Antonio, A; Galli, Corrado L.

doi:10.1097/00000372-199306000-00012

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…179,182,186 Cases demonstrating tripartite differentiation (squamous, glandular, and melanocytic) support the theory of tumorigenesis from a more primitive stem cell. 187 Rare findings include stromal desmoplasia, amyloid deposits, and mixed tumors composed of MCC, SCC, and BCC. [188][189][190] Electron microscopy typically reveals dense-core neuroendocrine granules in the cytoplasm and a lobular nucleus.…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review

Dubina¹,

Goldenberg²

2009

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most common malignancies in the United States, with over 1.3 million patients diagnosed yearly. Several types of nonmelanoma skin cancer and precancerous lesions have an associated viral pathogenesis, including epidermodysplasia verruciformis, verrucous carcinoma, bowenoid papulosis, Kaposi sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and, most recently, Merkel cell carcinoma. It is now widely accepted that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a key role in pathogenesis of cervical and anogenital cancer. Currently, 108 types of HPV have been discovered. They can be divided into genera including alpha, beta, and gamma HPVs, which comprise the majority of cutaneous HPVs. The relationship between viruses and cancer is a popular focus of research in an era of AIDS and organ transplantation, where immunosuppression is not uncommon. The incidence of viral-related malignancies in these populations is increasing. Because of the widespread nature of these cutaneous malignancies, an evaluation of these conditions is valuable. This review of the literature will focus on the histologic aspects of viral-associated skin malignancies, as well as the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical aspects of these diseases.

show abstract

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review

Dubina¹,

Goldenberg²

2009

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[8] Their cases also showed squamoid features on HE sections; however, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic investigations of their cases showed neuroendocrine features. They diagnosed the lesion as primary cutaneous NEC, rather than SCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[4][5][6][7] Primary cutaneous NEC has been reported as cutaneous NEC in 6 cases, [8][9][10][11][12][13] to the best of the author's knowledge. Thus, primary cutaneous NET and NEC except for MCC are exceptionally rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary squamous neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: A case report with immunohistochemical study

Terada

2016

CRCP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) except for Merkel cell carcinoma has rarely been reported in the skin. Herein reported is a unique case of a primary cutaneous NEC with histological features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with high cellular anaplasia; the tumor is called "squamous NEC" in this report. A 77-year-old man presented with a skin tumor measuring 0.7 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.7 cm of the right second finger. A biopsy showed invasive malignant epithelial cells with keratinization. The carcinoma cells were continuous with epidermis, and showed high cellular anaplasia. No apparent lympho-vascular permeations were seen. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated SCC. Because the histological features were unusual, an immunohistochemical study was performed. The carcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK34BE12, CK5/6, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (positive percentage (PP) = 70%), chromogranin (PP = 95%), synaptophysin (PP = 95%), NCAM (PP = 20%), p63, p40, S100 protein (Langerhans cells), and Ki-67 (labeling index (LI) = 98%). The carcinoma cells were negative for CK7, CK8, CK9, CK14, CK18, CK19, CK20, CK CAM5.2, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, desmin, HMB45, p53, CD45, TTF-1, HCG, and surfactant apo-protein. Because the skin SCC showed neuroendocrine features and the neuroendocrine cells exceeded 50% of the total tumor cell population, a diagnosis of squamous NEC was made. The histological features, NEC features, high anaplasia, and high Ki-67 labeling index (LI = 98%) suggested poor prognosis. Systemic investigations using CT, MRI, PET, and upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed no tumors except for the finger tumor. No lympho-adenopathy was seen. The outcome seemed not good. The tumor of the finger was difficult for operation. Wide excision or finger amputation is considered.

show abstract

“…Nucleoli are inconspicuous, frequent mitotic figures and individually necrotic tumor cells are commonly visible. Tumor cells are positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and cytokeratin 20 [78][79][80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine neoplasms and somatostatin receptor subtypes expression

Hankus

Tomaszewska

2016

Nucl. Med. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) show wide spectrum of clinical course -from benign biological potential to recurrences and rapidly progressive disease. Somatostatin analogs that bind to somatostatin receptor are part of the therapy; detection and evaluation of activation of somatostatin receptor subtypes are part of the process of new therapy induction. When using RT-PCR method and immunohistochemistry, it is possible to detect more than two SSTR subtypes in majority or all neuroendocrine neoplasms regardless tumor origin. Generally with some exceptions, from the viewpoint of tumor grade -apart the site of origin, there is a tendency to decrease the percentage of SSTRs expression; 100% (G1, 2)-85.7% (G3) for SSTR 1; 81.8% (G1, 2)-61.9% (G3) for SSTR 2; 54.5% (G1, 2)-52.4% (G3) for SSTR 3; 9% (G1, 2)-4.8% (G3) for SSTR 5. Different studies indicate significant differences in the expression of SSTR 1 and 2A and 2B between NEC G3 small cell type and non-small cell type.Further research on SSTRs expression in NEN could serve as base to development and improvement of somatostatin analogs' pharmacotherapy in patients with unsatisfactory course.

show abstract

Tripartite Differentiation (Squamous, Glandular, and Melanocytic) of a Primary Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Viral-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review

Viral-Associated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review

Primary squamous neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: A case report with immunohistochemical study

Neuroendocrine neoplasms and somatostatin receptor subtypes expression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About