Triosephosphate Isomerase Gene Characterization and Potential Zoonotic Transmission of<i>Giardia duodenalis</i>

Sulaiman, Irshad M.; Fayer, Ronald; Bern, Caryn; Gilman, Robert H.; Trout, James M.; Schantz, Peter; Das, Pradeep; Lal, Altaf A.; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.3201/eid0911.030084

Cited by 589 publications

(457 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, these finding are of epidemiological importance, as both are common parasites that occur in many mammal species, including the nutria and humans, and some animal isolates are of zoonotic potential (Acha & Szyfres, 1986;Sulaiman et al, 2003). In previous studies, no evidence of the presence of Giardia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Note on the occurrence of parasites of the wild nutria (Myocastor coypus, Molina, 1782)

et al. 2012

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164 SummaryWe examined the endoparasites of wild nutria from the native region of South America. Individuals were infected with nineteen species, including Nematoda (82.0 %), Protozoa (46.1 %), Trematoda (33.3 %) and Cestoda (12.8 %). Coccidia (Eimeria sp. or Isospora sp.), Strongyloides myopotami and Trichuris myocastoris were the most abundant and prevalent parasites. The diversity of parasite collected on individual hosts ranged from one to four species. There was no significant association between either the age or the sex of the nutria and the prevalence of parasitism, except that the number of infested nutria less than 1 year by Nematoda was significantly higher than in older individuals. Additionally, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were demonstrated in fecal samples, although scarcely. In general, the accessions were found in good bodily condition and carrying low parasite burdens. These numbers appeared insufficient to indicate gastrointestinal parasitism or parasitic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Note on the occurrence of parasites of the wild nutria (Myocastor coypus, Molina, 1782)

et al. 2012

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“…All samples were typed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) locus using assemblage A, B and E specific primers as previously described (Sulaiman et al 2003;Geurden et al 2008;Levecke et al 2009). A representative subset of samples were also amplified using a nested PCR and sequenced at the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus (n = 30) as described by Read et al (2004) and at the tpi (n = 27) locus using the assemblage-specific primers described above.…”

Section: Molecular Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular typing ofGiardia duodenalisin humans in Queensland – first report of Assemblage E

2017

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SUMMARYLittle is known about the genetic diversity of the protozoan parasite, Giardia duodenalis, infecting humans in Queensland, Australia. The present study typed 88 microscopically Giardia-positive isolates using assemblage-specific primers at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and sequenced a subset of isolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene (n = 30) and tpi locus (n = 27). Using the tpi-assemblage specific primers, G. duodenalis assemblage A and assemblage B were detected in 50% (44/88) and 38·6% (34/88) of samples, respectively. Mixed infections with assemblages A and B were identified in 4·5% (4/88) and assemblage E was identified in 6·8% (6/88) of samples. Sequence analysis at the gdh and tpi loci also confirmed the presence of assemblage E in these isolates. Cyst numbers per gram of feces (g−1) were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and of the isolates that were typed as assemblage E, cyst numbers ranged 13·8–68·3 × 106 cysts g−1. This is the first report of assemblage E in humans in Australia, indicating that in certain settings, this assemblage may be zoonotic.

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“…Among the 6 species, G. intestinalis infects humans and numerous other mammals (Thompson et al, 2000). Isolates of G. intestinalis are classified into 7 assemblages, based on the characterization of the glutamate dehydrogenase, small-subunit rRNA, and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes (Hopkins et al, 1997; Monis et al, 1999;Sulaiman et al, 2003;Read et al, 2004). Assemblage A isolates have been further placed into subgroups I and II.…”

Section: Abstract: Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Pcr/rflp Assay to Detect Giardia intestinalis Genotypes in Human Isolates with Diarrhea in Egypt

Helmy¹,

Abdel-Fattah²,

Rashed³

2009

Journal of Parasitology

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Two; major genotypic assemblages of Giardia intestinalis infect humans; the nested real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene to detect and genotype G. intestinalis in human feces in Egypt. Among 97 fecal samples, 30 (31%) were diagnosed as giardiasis by saline wet mount microscopy after staining with Lugol's iodine. The tpi gene was amplified from 41 (42.3%) fecal samples, of which 11 were microscopy-negative specimens. Of the total samples, 24 (58.5%) contained assemblage A group I, and 7 (17.1%) were assemblage A group II from the group of patients complaining of intermittent diarrhea. Eight (19.5%) samples contained assemblage B from patients with persistent diarrhea. Two (5%) samples had a mixture of assemblage A group II and assemblage B. The technique was able to detect as few as 20 trophozoites per PCR on fecal DNA-isolated, microscopy-negative, and quantitative (q)PCR-positive specimens; there was a higher average cycle threshold value than microscopy-positive and qPCR-positive specimens, suggesting that they represented true, low-burden infections. In conclusion, we could genotype G. intestinalis from fresh stool samples in Egypt; in infections commonly presented with intermittent diarrhea, the most prevalent genotype was assemblage A group I. The most vulnerable age group included 10-to 20-yr-old individuals.In developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, approximately 200 million people have symptomatic giardiasis (Thompson et al., 2000;Yason and Rivera, 2007). Giardia intestinalis is the most prevalent cause of parasitic diarrhea in the developed world, and this infection is also very common in developing countries. Moreover, there is an association of Giardia species and strain assemblages with diarrhea/dysentery (Haque, 2007).In Egypt, Foronda et al. (2008) found that assemblage B was the most prevalent (80%) genotype, with another 15% of the positive samples belonging to assemblage E, and 5% to assemblage A. Transmission of the G. intestinalis cyst to humans occurs mainly after ingestion of contaminated water, autoinfection, and person-to-person contact. Clinical manifestations of symptomatic giardiasis include greasy stools, flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, epigastric tenderness, as well as steatorrhea accompanied by full-blown malabsorption syndrome (Gardner and Hill, 2001). However, the majority of cases are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic in immunocompetent individuals (Furness et al., 2000).Species of Giardia can be distinguished on the basis of morphology, ultrastructural features, or the 16S rRNA sequence; there are at least 6 species, i.e., G. intestinalis (5lamblia), G. agilis, G. muris, G. ardeae, G. psittaci, and G. microti (Monis et al., 1999). Among the 6 species, G. intestinalis infects humans and numerous other mammals (Thompson et al., 2000). Isolates of G. intestinalis are classified into 7 assemblages, based on the characterization of the glutamate dehydrogenase, small-subunit rR...

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Triosephosphate Isomerase Gene Characterization and Potential Zoonotic Transmission ofGiardia duodenalis

Cited by 589 publications

References 45 publications

Note on the occurrence of parasites of the wild nutria (Myocastor coypus, Molina, 1782)

Note on the occurrence of parasites of the wild nutria (Myocastor coypus, Molina, 1782)

Molecular typing ofGiardia duodenalisin humans in Queensland – first report of Assemblage E

Real-Time Pcr/rflp Assay to Detect Giardia intestinalis Genotypes in Human Isolates with Diarrhea in Egypt

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