Trimodal processing of complex stimuli in inferior parietal cortex is modality-independent

Porada, Danja K.; Regenbogen, Christina; Freiherr, Jessica; Seubert, Janina; Lundström, Johan N.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.008

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The heightened response to food cues within the DMN in individuals experiencing loneliness may reflect their increased engagement in processing internal states, such as appetite, interpretation of gut signals, or food-related cognition . The IPL is a region related to attention, multisensory integration, visual processing, and motivation . Consequently, the altered brain reactivity observed in individuals experiencing loneliness may reflect an increased salience or appeal toward food cues and elevated attentional and sensory processing and motivation directed toward these cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Zhang,

Ravichandran,

Gee

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePerceived social isolation is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for altered eating behaviors, obesity, and psychological symptoms. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these pathways are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of perceived social isolation with brain reactivity to food cues, altered eating behaviors, obesity, and mental health symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, single-center study recruited healthy, premenopausal female participants from the Los Angeles, California, community from September 7, 2021, through February 27, 2023.ExposureParticipants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a food cue viewing task.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes included brain reactivity to food cues, body composition, self-reported eating behaviors (food cravings, reward-based eating, food addiction, and maladaptive eating behaviors), and mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and psychological resilience).ResultsThe study included 93 participants (mean [SD] age, 25.38 [7.07] years). Participants with higher perceived social isolation reported higher fat mass percentage, lower diet quality, increased maladaptive eating behaviors (cravings, reward-based eating, uncontrolled eating, and food addiction), and poor mental health (anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience). In whole-brain comparisons, the higher social isolation group showed altered brain reactivity to food cues in regions of the default mode, executive control, and visual attention networks. Isolation-related neural changes in response to sweet foods correlated with various altered eating behaviors and psychological symptoms. These altered brain responses mediated the connection between social isolation and maladaptive eating behaviors (β for indirect effect, 0.111; 95% CI, 0.013-0.210; P = .03), increased body fat composition (β, −0.141; 95% CI, −0.260 to −0.021; P = .02), and diminished positive affect (β, −0.089; 95% CI, −0.188 to 0.011; P = .09).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that social isolation is associated with altered neural reactivity to food cues within specific brain regions responsible for processing internal appetite-related states and compromised executive control and attentional bias and motivation toward external food cues. These neural responses toward specific foods were associated with an increased risk for higher body fat composition, worsened maladaptive eating behaviors, and compromised mental health. These findings underscore the need for holistic mind-body–directed interventions that may mitigate the adverse health consequences of social isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Zhang,

Ravichandran,

Gee

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Regions associated with either visual or olfactory unimodal sensory processing were also involved (Table 3). Mostly known, the intraparietal sulcus appears not only in bimodal olfactory-visual but also in auditory-visual and trimodal stimulations [55, 59, 78–80]. A recently published study involving trimodal stimulation verified the intraparietal sulcus as multisensory integrational hub, which acts modality independent [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) engages in multisensory integration, reward evaluation, and hedonic salience [53, 54]. Together with the intraparietal sulcus, the medial superior frontal gyrus (FG), and the inferior FG, it has been identified as olfactory-visual crossmodal node [55–59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Insulin Levels Engage the Salience Network during Multisensory Perception

Schumann,

Rodriguez-Raecke,

Sijben

et al. 2023

Neuroendocrinology

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Introduction: Brain insulin reactivity has been reported in connection with systematic energy metabolism, enhancement in cognition, olfactory sensitivity, and neuroendocrine circuits. High receptor densities exist in regions important for sensory processing. The main aim of the study was to examine whether intranasal insulin would modulate the activity of areas in charge of olfactory-visual integration. Methods: As approach, a placebo-controlled double-blind within crossover design was chosen. The experiments were conducted in a research unit of a university hospital. On separate mornings, twenty-six healthy normal-weight males aged between 19 and 31 years received either 40 IU intranasal insulin or placebo vehicle. Subsequently, they underwent 65 min of functional magnetic resonance imaging whilst performing an odor identification task. Functional brain activations of olfactory, visual, and multisensory integration as well as insulin versus placebo were assessed. Regarding the odor identification task, reaction time, accuracy, pleasantness, and intensity measurements were taken to examine the role of integration and treatment. Blood samples were drawn to control for peripheral hormone concentrations. Results: Intranasal insulin administration during olfactory-visual stimulation revealed strong bilateral engagement of frontoinsular cortices, anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex, mediodorsal thalamus, striatal, and hippocampal regions (p ≤ 0.001 familywise error [FWE] corrected). In addition, the integration contrast showed increased activity in left intraparietal sulcus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (p ≤ 0.013 FWE corrected). Conclusions: Intranasal insulin application in lean men led to enhanced activation in multisensory olfactory-visual integration sites and salience hubs which indicates stimuli valuation modulation. This effect can serve as a basis for understanding the connection of intracerebral insulin and olfactory-visual processing.

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“…The IPS is implicated in allocating additional attentional resources when integrating multisensory stimuli and search for relatedness between stimuli from different senses. The IFC interlinks multisensory object representations with concepts in semantic memory, yielding meaning to stimuli (Porada et al, 2021). These regions partly overlap with a set of regions implicated in relational integration at a higher level.…”

Section: Where Does Change In G Come From?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of intelligence: The central meaning-making unit of intelligence in the mind, the brain, and artificial intelligence

et al. 2021

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This paper focuses on general intelligence, g. We first point to broadly accepted facts about g: it is robust, reliable, and sensitive to learning. We then summarize conflicting theories about its nature and development (Mutualism, Process Overlap Theory, and Dynamic Mental Field Theory) and suggest how future research may resolve their disputes. A model is proposed for g involving a core meaning-making mechanism, noetron, drawing on Alignment, Abstraction, and Cognizance, perpetually generating new mental content. Noetron develops through several levels of control: episodic → attentional → inferential → truth → epistemic control in infancy, preschool, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively. Finally, we propose an agenda for future brain, assuming a brain noetron, and artificial intelligence research, assuming an artificial noetron, that might uncover the underlying brain mechanisms of g and generate artificial general intelligence.

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Trimodal processing of complex stimuli in inferior parietal cortex is modality-independent

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms

Elevated Insulin Levels Engage the Salience Network during Multisensory Perception

The future of intelligence: The central meaning-making unit of intelligence in the mind, the brain, and artificial intelligence

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