“…also observed for the unsubstituted guanidinium ion [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] + . 19 These 4-ppm deshieldings in DMSO, compared with H 2 O, are likely caused by the extremely strong H-bonding between guanidinium ion and DMSO. Partial proton transfer of the solute to a solvent that acts as such a strong H-bond acceptor is estimated to be 10-30%.…”
Natural-abundance 15N NMR spectroscopy on dodecylguanidine reveals solvent and protonation effects that model those that could occur for the arginine side chain in proteins. Our results demonstrate that the 15N chemical shifts of the terminal guanine nitrogens strongly depend on the solvent chosen for measurements. A polar H-bond-donating solvent like water has strongly deshielding effects on the neutral guanidine group (with the latter acting predominantly as an H-bond acceptor). As a result, a substantial upfield shift occurs when neutral guanidine is dissolved instead in a non-H-bonding solvent (chloroform). These solvent effects can be as large as those induced by protonation changes. This limits the ability of 15N chemical shifts to distinguish the protonation state of the arginine side chain, at least without specific knowledge of its environment. These results help to reconcile previous interpretations about the protonation state arg-82 in the M state of bacteriorhodopsin based on FTIR and 15N NMR spectroscopy. That is, contrary to earlier conclusions from solid-state NMR, the side chain of arg-82 could undergo a deprotonation between the bR and M states, but only if it also experienced a significant decrease in the H-bonding character and polarity of its environment. In fact, the average 15N chemical shift of the two Neta of arg-82 in bacteriorhodopsin's M intermediate (from the previous NMR measurements) is 17 ppm upfield from the corresponding value for the deprotonated arginine side chain in aqueous solution at pH >14, but only 3 ppm upfield from the value for deprotonated dodecylguanidine in chloroform.
“…also observed for the unsubstituted guanidinium ion [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] + . 19 These 4-ppm deshieldings in DMSO, compared with H 2 O, are likely caused by the extremely strong H-bonding between guanidinium ion and DMSO. Partial proton transfer of the solute to a solvent that acts as such a strong H-bond acceptor is estimated to be 10-30%.…”
Natural-abundance 15N NMR spectroscopy on dodecylguanidine reveals solvent and protonation effects that model those that could occur for the arginine side chain in proteins. Our results demonstrate that the 15N chemical shifts of the terminal guanine nitrogens strongly depend on the solvent chosen for measurements. A polar H-bond-donating solvent like water has strongly deshielding effects on the neutral guanidine group (with the latter acting predominantly as an H-bond acceptor). As a result, a substantial upfield shift occurs when neutral guanidine is dissolved instead in a non-H-bonding solvent (chloroform). These solvent effects can be as large as those induced by protonation changes. This limits the ability of 15N chemical shifts to distinguish the protonation state of the arginine side chain, at least without specific knowledge of its environment. These results help to reconcile previous interpretations about the protonation state arg-82 in the M state of bacteriorhodopsin based on FTIR and 15N NMR spectroscopy. That is, contrary to earlier conclusions from solid-state NMR, the side chain of arg-82 could undergo a deprotonation between the bR and M states, but only if it also experienced a significant decrease in the H-bonding character and polarity of its environment. In fact, the average 15N chemical shift of the two Neta of arg-82 in bacteriorhodopsin's M intermediate (from the previous NMR measurements) is 17 ppm upfield from the corresponding value for the deprotonated arginine side chain in aqueous solution at pH >14, but only 3 ppm upfield from the value for deprotonated dodecylguanidine in chloroform.
“…This is paper 52 in the series ''Onium Ions''; paper 51 is ref. 23. Support of our work by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged.…”
Section: Fig 1 Calculated Structures Of 1-4 (Calculated Nbo Charges)mentioning
The structures and stabilities of helionitronium trication NO 2 He 3؉ and helionitrosonium trication HeNO 3؉ were calculated at the ab initio MP2͞6-31G** level. The C s symmetry structure was found to be a minimum for the NO 2 He 3؉ trication, which is isoelectronic and isostructural with the previously studied NO 2 H 2؉ . Dissociation of the C s symmetry structure into NO ؉ and OHe 2؉ is thermodynamically preferred by 183.1 kcal͞mol (1 cal ؍ 4.18 J), although a kinetic barrier of 12.4 kcal͞mol has to be overcome. The C ؕv symmetry structure was also found to be a minimum for the HeNO 3؉ trication.
“…Triorganylperoxonium ions [R 2 OOR] ϩ , [13] -disulfonium ions [R 2 SSR] ϩ , [14,15] related organoselenium cations such as [(MeSe) 2 SeMe] ϩ [15] and [Ph 2 Se 6 ] 2ϩ [16] and oxytelluronium cations [R 2 TeOTeR 2 ] 2ϩ , [17,18] are well-known species; corresponding selenotelluronium salts [R 2 TeSeRЈ] ϩ X Ϫ , however, have not yet been reported in the literature, [5,12] Such compounds will undergo reductive elimination when the counterion X Ϫ is a good nucleophile towards the RЈSe ϩ group. Salts of the type [RRЈTeTeRЈ] ϩ X Ϫ have been proposed as reactive intermediates when dialkyl ditellurides were activated by alkyl halides for one-pot reactions with carbon nucleophiles.…”
Section: Reactionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…77 Se-and 125 Te-NMR spectra of the reaction mixture, however, did not provide evidence for the presence of the compound Mes 2 Te(SeC 6 F 5 ) 2 . [13] To elucidate whether the failure of the desired oxidative addition of 1 to the diaryl telluride 2 was really due to thermal instability of Mes 2 Te(SeC 6 F 5 ) 2 (and not to kinetic factors), we then attempted to generate an [R 2 TeSeRЈ] ϩ cation by an independent route.…”
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