Trimethylaminuria (fish‐odour syndrome) and oral malodour

Mitchell, Siân

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01081.x

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The result is a highly objectionable body odor detrimental to a patient's personal, social, and working life [18]. The so-called ''trimethylaminuria secondary to other diseases'' could be derived from the impaired hepatocellular function or the existence of portosystemic shunts in patients with cirrhosis, interfering with the first-pass metabolism and extraction of trimethylamine from the gut.…”

Section: Metabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

et al. 2010

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Halitosis is a generic term used to describe unpleasant odor emanating from the mouth air and breath, independent of the source where the odor substances originate. It affects between 50 and 65% of the population, but despite its frequency, this problem is often unaccepted and declared as taboo. Ninety percent of patients suffering from halitosis have oral causes: a small, but important percentage, of oral malodor cases have an extra-oral etiology, very often falling into the category of "blood-borne halitosis". Several systemic diseases have been found to provoke malodor or to be a cofactor; bad breath may be an early sign of a serious local or systemic condition. A psychogenic halitosis also exists including the variant "pseudo-halitosis", when the oral malodor does not exist, but the patient believes he or she is suffering severely from it, and the halitophobia, when, instead, there is an exaggerated fear of having halitosis. The aims of this paper are to review both oral and extra-oral causes of halitosis, especially those related to underlying systemic diseases, and to provide the primary care clinician a helpful means for its diagnosis and management. In fact, it is important to determine quickly whether the odor comes from an oral cause or not: if so, it requires referral to a dentist; if not (extra-oral origin alone or combined), its management requires the treatment of the underlying causes. Extra-oral disorders can be the cause in up to 15% of cases.

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Section: Metabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

et al. 2010

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“…He originally believed that he had bromhidrosis until, in the late 1980s, he saw a 20/20 episode on television in which a woman with symptoms matching his own was diagnosed with TMAU, and, since this time, he believed he had TMAU. Two types of tests are available to diagnose TMAU: a urine test (ratio of TMA to TMA-oxide) and a genetic test (FMO3 gene; Mitchell and Smith, 2001). Our patient had never received urine or genetic testing to confirm the disorder, citing the costs of these tests as prohibitive.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Hundreds of case reports have described patients' experiences and treatments of this condition (Dimopoulos et al, 2008;Hayashi et al, 2004;Lochner and Stein, 2003;Munro, 1988;Phillips and Menard, 2011;PrysePhillips, 1971;Wada et al, 1999); however, delusional beliefs about trimethylaminuria (TMAU) being responsible for the foul odors have not been reported. TMAU, or ''fish odor syndrome,'' is a rare metabolic disorder in which a deficiency in the enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver leads to the inability to metabolize the malodorous compound trimethylamine (TMA) and its subsequent excretion in urine, sweat, and breath (Mitchell and Smith, 2001;Nanayakkara et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delusional Disorder, Somatic Type

Ramos¹,

Wystrach²,

Bolton³

et al. 2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Delusions of foul body odors (often referred to as olfactory reference syndrome [ORS]) currently fall under the category of delusional disorder, somatic type (DDST), in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). We present the case of a 51-year-old man with no previous psychiatric history who presented with perceived foul odors that he delusionally attributed to trimethylaminuria (TMAU). TMAU is a rare metabolic disorder associated with foul body odors. The patient also experienced severe concurrent mood symptoms because of social isolation resulting from his delusion about his body odors. After considerable discussion of differential diagnoses, a diagnosis of DDST was ultimately made, given the patient's unrelenting nonbizarre delusions and lack of insight pertaining to his body odors. However, this case proved to be very useful in exploring the diagnostic challenges in this type of disorder and recent discussions of ORS and its proposed inclusion in the DSM-5.

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“…47 Indeed, a low but nevertheless significant proportion of subjects with this condition have an extraoral aetiology and, in view of its high level of volatility, TMA can be delivered to exhaled air (and therefore saliva in which it is also readily soluble) from the circulatory system via the lungs. Hence, a further novel therapeutic activity of the two products tested here appears to be their capacity to alleviate oral malodour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution ¹H NMR investigations of the capacity of dentifrices containing a “smart” bioactive glass to influence the metabolic profile of and deliver calcium ions to human saliva

2009

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Dentifrices containing H 2 O-reactive bioactive glasses alleviate hypersensitivity in teeth via the blockage of open dentinal tubules. Here, the ability of two such products to release Ca 21 ions into human saliva was investigated, together with their influence on the status of this biofluid's 1 H NMR-detectable biomolecules. Human salivary supernatants were equilibrated with increasing volumes of those derived from each dentifrice (5.00 min at 378C). These biofluids were also equilibrated at 378C with a preselected quantity of the intact products (samples were collected at increasing timepoints

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Trimethylaminuria (fish‐odour syndrome) and oral malodour

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

Delusional Disorder, Somatic Type

High‐resolution ¹H NMR investigations of the capacity of dentifrices containing a “smart” bioactive glass to influence the metabolic profile of and deliver calcium ions to human saliva

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Trimethylaminuria (fish‐odour syndrome) and oral malodour

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

Halitosis: could it be more than mere bad breath?

Delusional Disorder, Somatic Type

High‐resolution 1H NMR investigations of the capacity of dentifrices containing a “smart” bioactive glass to influence the metabolic profile of and deliver calcium ions to human saliva

Contact Info

Product

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About

High‐resolution ¹H NMR investigations of the capacity of dentifrices containing a “smart” bioactive glass to influence the metabolic profile of and deliver calcium ions to human saliva