Protein farnesytransferase (PFTase)
catalyzes the farnesylation
of proteins with a carboxy-terminal tetrapeptide sequence denoted
as a Ca1a2X box. To explore the specificity
of this enzyme, an important therapeutic target, solid-phase peptide
synthesis in concert with a peptide inversion strategy was used to
prepare two libraries, each containing 380 peptides. The libraries
were screened using an alkyne-containing isoprenoid analogue followed
by click chemistry with biotin azide and subsequent visualization
with streptavidin-AP. Screening of the CVa2X and CCa2X libraries with Rattus norvegicus PFTase revealed reaction by many known recognition sequences as
well as numerous unknown ones. Some of the latter occur in the genomes
of bacteria and viruses and may be important for pathogenesis, suggesting
new targets for therapeutic intervention. Screening of the CVa2X library with alkyne-functionalized isoprenoid substrates
showed that those prepared from C10 or C15 precursors
gave similar results, whereas the analogue synthesized from a C5 unit gave a different pattern of reactivity. Lastly, the
substrate specificities of PFTases from three organisms (R. norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans) were compared
using CVa2X libraries. R. norvegicus PFTase was found to share more peptide substrates with S. cerevisiae PFTase than with C.
albicans PFTase. In general, this method is a highly
efficient strategy for rapidly probing the specificity of this important
enzyme.