Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: In Vitro Microbiological Aspects

Bushby, S. R. M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/128.supplement_3.s442

Cited by 199 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The fixed combination of TMP and SMZ is often bactericidal against susceptible species (1,5). TMP-SMZ has been used with success in many infections due to intracellular pathogens, including Pneumocystis carinii, Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonella typhi, Nocardia asteroides, Brucella sp., Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Mycobacterium marinum, and Plasmodium falciparum (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria monocytogenes

Winslow¹,

Ga²

1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes were examined separately and in combination with a microtiter broth dilution system. Sulfamethoxazole demonstrated variable activity and was generally bacteriostatic. Trimethoprim alone was bactericidal against 96% of isolates at c0.5 jig/ml. The bactericidal action of trimethoprim against L. monocytogenes was generally potentiated by sulfamethoxazole even when isolates were relatively resistant to sulfamethoxazole alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria monocytogenes

Winslow¹,

Ga²

1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Harper and Cawston discovered an inhibitory substance in 1945, eventually identified as thymidine, which was interfering with the ability of sulfur antibacterials to kill the organism (25). Because the activity of SXT is determined by the antibacterial's ability to deprive an organism of folate coenzymes (7), there is a direct relationship between the thymidine levels in culture media and SXT resistance (11). High thymidine content in agar provides an exogenous substrate which can be used by an organism to maintain folate metabolism and hence appear resistant to SXT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is Streptococcus pyogenes Resistant or Susceptible to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

et al. 2012

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“…Trimethoprim (2,4-diamino-5[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]pyrimidine; TMP) in combination with a sulfonamide has demonstrated in vitro synergism in inhibiting growth of a variety of gramnegative bacillary organisms (1,4,7). Although preliminary in vitro data suggested that TMP plus sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was also effective against N. gonorrhoeae (4,7,8,13), a wide variety of media and conditions were used to obtain this information.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although preliminary in vitro data suggested that TMP plus sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was also effective against N. gonorrhoeae (4,7,8,13), a wide variety of media and conditions were used to obtain this information. The fastidious nature of the gonococcal organism, and the potential interaction of various media constituents with TMP-SMZ, make it imperative that a standardized method be utilized to meaningfully evaluate the efficacy of this agent against this bacterium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five-percent lysed horse blood (Scott Lab., Fiskeville, R.I.) was incorporated into each medium. The horse blood was lysed by the addition of 1:50 of a 10% saponin solution (7). Serial twofold dilutions of TMP and SMZ (provided by Hoffman LaRoche, Inc.) in a 1:19 combination starting with 5 ,ug of TMP per ml and 95 ug of SMZ per ml were prepared and incorporated into each medium.…”

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Comparison of In Vitro Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole on Three Different Media

Yoshikawa

Miyamoto²,

Guze³

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In vitro susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ combination; 1:19) was deternined by the agar dilution technique using three different media under similar conditions. On Oxoid diagnostic sensitivity test, Mueller-Hinton, and GC agar media, the percentage of isolates inhibited by 2.5 ug or less ofTMP per ml and 47.5 ,ug or less of SMZ per ml were 95, 90, and 84%, respectively. TMP-SMZ appeared to be effective in vitro against N. gonorrhoeae despite differences in the types of media used.Gonorrhea is presently a major infectious disease problem. The increased frequency of penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in uncomplicated infection (9,16,19) has made it imperative that clinicians seek other effective chemotherapeutic agents. Although tetracycline is effective in eradicating anogenital gonorrhea, resistance to this antibiotic is becoming increasingly apparent (2, 12). Similarly, spectinomycin-resistant strains ofN. gonorrhoeae have been isolated (12, 17). Moreover, cross-resistance to multiple antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin, is now being reported (10,12,15).Trimethoprim (2,4-diamino-5[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]pyrimidine; TMP) in combination with a sulfonamide has demonstrated in vitro synergism in inhibiting growth of a variety of gramnegative bacillary organisms (1, 4, 7). Although preliminary in vitro data suggested that TMP plus sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was also effective against N. gonorrhoeae (4, 7, 8, 13), a wide variety of media and conditions were used to obtain this information. The fastidious nature of the gonococcal organism, and the potential interaction of various media constituents with TMP-SMZ, make it imperative that a standardized method be utilized to meaningfully evaluate the efficacy of this agent against this bacterium. To investigate this problem, the in vitro susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates ofN. gonorrhoeae to TMP-SMZ, in a combination of one part TMP and 19 parts SMZ, was determined on three different media under similar conditions, using an agar dilution technique. and GC agars (BBL, GC agar base) were freshly prepared and enriched with 1% IsoVitaleX (BBL). Five-percent lysed horse blood (Scott Lab., Fiskeville, R.I.) was incorporated into each medium. The horse blood was lysed by the addition of 1:50 of a 10% saponin solution (7). Serial twofold dilutions of TMP and SMZ (provided by Hoffman LaRoche, Inc.) in a 1:19 combination starting with 5 ,ug of TMP per ml and 95 ug of SMZ per ml were prepared and incorporated into each medium. Susceptibility testing. Susceptibility ofN. gonorrhoeae to TMP-SMZ was determined by an agar dilution technique previously described (22). The organisms were thawed and subcultured on enriched chocolate agar for 24 h. Gonococcal suspensions were prepared in Mueller-Hinton broth from surface colonies on chocolate agar and adjusted to a McFarland no. 1 nephelometer standard (5), previously determined to appr...

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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: In Vitro Microbiological Aspects

Cited by 199 publications

References 19 publications

In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria monocytogenes

In vitro activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole against Listeria monocytogenes

Is Streptococcus pyogenes Resistant or Susceptible to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?

Comparison of In Vitro Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole on Three Different Media

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