Trimetallic Hybrid Sulfides Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocubes as an Advanced Sodium-Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

Metal sulfides are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities. However, they also suffer from the limitations of poor cycling stability and rate performance caused by volumetric strain. Here, trimetallic hybrid sulfide (Ni, Fe, Co)S x nanocrystals embedded into nitrogen-doped carbon nanocubes are successfully obtained with abundant channels for ion diffusion, high specific surface area for a pseudocapacitive effect, and enough voids to buffer volumetric strain. As anode material for a sodium-ion battery, the hybrid sulfides exhibit highly reversible specific capacity, good rate capability, and cycling performance. Such mixed-metal sulfides with novel physical or chemical properties may also be extended to other emerging fields.

NiSe2 Nanoparticles Decorated on Carbon Nanosheet Arrays as Anodes for Sodium Storage

“…As depicted in Figure B, the b -values obtained from the linearly fitting plots of log­( i ) vs log­( v ) for the peaks 1–4 are calculated to be 1.05, 0.88, 0.90, and 0.85, respectively, signifying the dominated surface pseudocapacitive process in the composite of NiSe 2 /C-2G-500. It should be mentioned that the b -value of peak 1 is larger than 1, clearly indicating that this step of reaction is completely governed by surface pseudocapacitive behaviors, which has also been commonly reported in the literature. , In addition, the contribution from the pseudocapacitive effect to the total capacity at a specific scan rate can be quantitatively estimated based on the following equation: i = k 1 v + k 2 v 1/2 , where k 1 and k 2 are two parameters determined from the slope of iv ‑1/2 vs v 1/2 . , Basically, k 1 v represents the fraction of pseudocapacitive behavior, while k 2 v 1/2 denotes the quantity of the diffusion-controlled process . Typically, the contribution from the surface pseudocapacitive effect under 1 mV s –1 is quantified to be 87.4%, as depicted by the shadow area in Figure C.…”

“…where k 1 and k 2 are two parameters determined from the slope of iv -1/2 vs v 1/2 . 68, 69 Basically, k 1 v represents the fraction of pseudocapacitive behavior, while k 2 v 1/2 denotes the quantity of the diffusion-controlled process. 70 Typically, the contribution from the surface pseudocapacitive effect under 1 mV s −1 is quantified to be 87.4%, as depicted by the shadow area in Figure 6C.…”

In Situ Nitrogen Retention of Carbon Anode for Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance for Sodium‐Ion Battery

“…The capacitive contribution of PAZ‐CF‐900/1100 and PANIA‐CF‐700 was 78.56 %, 77.94 %, and 75.81 %, respectively (Figure S10). The high capacitive contribution of PAZ‐CF‐700 suggests that it can withstand rapid mass transfer, which is corresponding to a good rate performance [8a,40] …”

Unveiling the Accelerated Water Electrolysis Kinetics of Heterostructural Iron‐Cobalt‐Nickel Sulfides by Probing into Crystalline/Amorphous Interfaces in Stepwise Catalytic Reactions

“…For example, trimetallic sulfides normally have a lower activation energy than that of monometallic and bimetallic sulfides, which is conducive to electron transfer, thus leading to better electron conductivity. [ 22–24 ] Moreover, the synergistic effects between trimetallic ions allow for the modification of electronic structures, which leads to more active sites and faster reaction kinetics in HER/OER. [ 25–27 ] Therefore, trimetallic sulfides have more applicable features as electrocatalysts and have the potential to outperform monometallic and bimetallic sulfides in terms of electrocatalytic property.…”