Trimester-specific associations of maternal exposure to disinfection by-products, oxidative stress, and neonatal neurobehavioral development

Application Effect Analysis of Clinical Nursing Pathway in the Care of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

“…The neonates were scored for their neurodevelopmental status using the Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) [ 16 ] from the aspects of behavior, passive tone, active tone, primitive reflex, and general assessment. The score was proportional to the ND of children.…”

Associations of Trimester-Specific Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate with Childhood Neurodevelopment: A Birth Cohort Study in China

“…These findings suggest that the first and second trimesters seem to be critical windows susceptible to the combined exposure of the target analytes. Similarly, previous studies focused on associations of other environmental contaminants such as fine particulate matter, , disinfection byproducts, and phthalates with neural development also suggested that the first and second trimester seems to be sensitive windows. Fetal neurogenesis and brain structure in the first and second trimester changed more rapidly than that in the third trimester, , which may explain the susceptibility.…”

Gestational Exposure to PM2.5 and Specific Constituents, Meconium Metabolites, and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Cohort Study

“…8,14 Meanwhile, both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that black carbon and TiO 2 nanoparticles inhaled by mothers can penetrate both the placental barrier and the infant's blood−brain barrier, leading to neurotoxic effects. 15−17 Water-soluble inorganic ions in PM 2.5 such as SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + may enter the placenta and infant through respiratory pathways and the bloodstream, causing chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, and endothelial cell damage. 18 Consequently, it is crucial to identify the most harmful constituents for prioritizing control strategies.…”

“…This paradigm underscores the critical role of early life exposure, particularly during pregnancy, in shaping the lifelong health trajectory and susceptibility to various chronic diseases . During pregnancy, the developing fetus undergoes critical neurodevelopmental processes that can be influenced by various internal and external factors . Previous epidemiological studies have highlighted that gestational exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with impaired cognitive and intellectual function in offspring, including altered brain morphology, behavior deficits, intelligence quotient, and impaired cognitive and motor functions in children aged 1, 4, or 6 years. − However, very few human studies have investigated the associations between gestational exposure to PM 2.5 and neonatal neurodevelopment.…”

“…The Xiaogan birth cohort is a prospective birth cohort conducted in Xiaogan City, China, between March 2015 and June 2016. 4,27,28 This study enrolled 1760 women before 14 weeks of gestation. The inclusion criteria for mothers were (1) aged between 18 and 40 years; (2) had singleton pregnancy; (3) <14 weeks of gestation; (4) had permanent residence in the Xiaogan district during pregnancy;…”