TRIM Proteins and Their Roles in Antiviral Host Defenses

Gent, Michiel van; Sparrer, Konstantin M. J.; Gack, Michaela U.

doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043323

Cited by 245 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 152 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

206

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2) [23]. Further interpretations on the importance of the RING family as a whole in coordinating antiviral immune defences can be found in additional reviews [2,5,24,25]. Of particular noteworthiness from within the RING family is a grouping of over 70 members encoded in the human genome known as TRIM proteins [5,23,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Trim E3 Ubiquitin Ligasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C-terminal domain of TRIMs allows for interaction with target substrates with high specificity [5,25]. The most prevalent C-terminal domain is the PRY-SPRY domain (or B30.2) which is only present in vertebrates [2,38].…”

Section: Trim E3 Ubiquitin Ligasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most studies have implicated TRIM25 as a critical mediator of innate immune signalling through ubiquitination of RIG-I [2,11,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118], while only a handful of studies have proposed RIG-I-independent mechanisms [46,119]. Recent years have brought both exciting discoveries and rousing controversies regarding how ubiquitin and E3 ligases precisely function to activate RIG-I for antiviral signalling, with some groups suggesting a single factor operates as the critical component while others have put forth a cooperative model based on trends gleaned from numerous studies.…”

Section: Innate Antiviral Signalling Functions Of Trim25: Rig-i-depenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Although we focus on current developments within the tripartite motif (TRIM) field, other excellent reviews that focus more on the antiviral aspects of TRIMs and that highlight older studies are also available [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

To TRIM or not to TRIM: the balance of host–virus interactions mediated by the ubiquitin system

Hage

Rajsbaum

2019

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The innate immune system responds rapidly to protect against viral infections, but an overactive response can cause harmful damage. To avoid this, the response is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The ubiquitin system represents a powerful PTM machinery that allows for the reversible linkage of ubiquitin to activate and deactivate a target's function. A precise enzymatic cascade of ubiquitin-activating, conjugating and ligating enzymes facilitates ubiquitination. Viruses have evolved to take advantage of the ubiquitin pathway either by targeting factors to dampen the antiviral response or by hijacking the system to enhance their replication. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases has garnered attention as a major contributor to innate immunity. Many TRIM family members limit viruses either indirectly as components in innate immune signalling, or directly by targeting viral proteins for degradation. In spite of this, TRIMs and other ubiquitin ligases can be appropriated by viruses and repurposed as valuable tools in viral replication. This duality of function suggests a new frontier of research for TRIMs and raises new challenges for discerning the subtleties of these pro-viral mechanisms. Here, we review current findings regarding the involvement of TRIMs in host-virus interactions. We examine ongoing developments in the field, including novel roles for unanchored ubiquitin in innate immunity, the direct involvement of ubiquitin ligases in promoting viral replication, recent controversies on the role of ubiquitin and TRIM25 in activation of the pattern recognition receptor RIG-I, and we discuss the implications these studies have on future research directions.

show abstract

Section: Trim E3 Ubiquitin Ligasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trim E3 Ubiquitin Ligasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innate Antiviral Signalling Functions Of Trim25: Rig-i-depenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

To TRIM or not to TRIM: the balance of host–virus interactions mediated by the ubiquitin system

Hage

Rajsbaum

2019

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…stress caused by viral infection and replication [22,93]. Autophagy is also selective for the recognition and degradation of specific cargoes tagged by ubiquitination by a group of E3 ligase family proteins such as the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins [142]. Depending on the cargos being sorted for destruction, selective autophagy can be classified into mitophagy (damaged mitochondria), pexophagy (peroxisome), ribophagy (ribosomes), ER-phagy (ER), glycophagy (glycogen), xenophagy (pathogens), and lipophagy (lipid droplets) [119].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy and Viral Infection

Mao

Lin

et al. 2019

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autophagy is an intracellular recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis by orchestrating immunity upon viral infection. Following viral infection, autophagy is often initiated to curtail infection by delivering viral particles for lysosomal degradation and further integrating with innate pattern recognition receptor signaling to induce interferon (IFN)-mediated viral clearance. However, some viruses have evolved anti-autophagy strategies to escape host immunity and to promote viral replication. In this chapter, we illustrate how autophagy prevents viral infection to generate an optimal anti-viral milieu, and then concentrate on how viruses subvert and hijack the autophagic process to evade immunosurveillance, thereby facilitating viral replication and pathogenesis. Understanding the interplays between autophagy and viral infection is anticipated to guide the development of effective anti-viral therapeutics to fight against infectious diseases.

show abstract

Characterization of two tripartite motif‐containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs

Sathyan

Premraj²,

Puthiyedathu

2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tripartite motif‐containing gene (TRIM) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase exhibiting antiviral activity by targeting the viral proteins via proteasome mediated ubiquitination. In the present study, we identified and cloned two TRIM gene homologues from Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39, each encoding 547 amino acid proteins. The deduced LcTRIM21 protein has a theoretical pI of 6.32 and a predicted molecular mass of 62.11 kDa. LcTRIM39 is predicted to have a pI of 5.57 and a molecular mass of 62.11 kDa. In silico protein localisation results predict that LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 homologues were localised in the cytoplasm. Structurally, both the proteins contain an N‐terminal RING zinc‐finger domain, B‐box domain, coiled‐coil domain and C‐terminal PRY/SPRY domain. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 were constitutively expressed in all the tissues and organs examined. LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated upon challenge with immunostimulants like poly(I:C) challenge, glucan Zymosan A and red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), which suggests the role of LcTRIM21 and LcTRIM39 in antiviral response against fish viruses. The antiviral role of TRIM homologues can be explored in developing antivirals and strategies to control diseases like Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by fish viruses like RGNNV that cause economic loss to the aquaculture sector.

show abstract

TRIM Proteins and Their Roles in Antiviral Host Defenses

Cited by 245 publications

References 152 publications

To TRIM or not to TRIM: the balance of host–virus interactions mediated by the ubiquitin system

To TRIM or not to TRIM: the balance of host–virus interactions mediated by the ubiquitin system

Autophagy and Viral Infection

Characterization of two tripartite motif‐containing genes from Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer and their expression in response to virus infection and microbial molecular motifs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About