Trilateral association between SO2/NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth: A case of Indian cities

Abstract

Interaction between environmental degradation and economic growth is a growing matter of interest among policymakers. This paper examines the trilateral association between SO 2 and NO 2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth by using simultaneousequation panel data models for a panel of 139 Indian cities over the period 2001-2013. Our results indicate that there is evidence of feedback hypothesis between NO 2 and SO 2 emissions and economic growth, economic growth and inequality in energy intensity, and NO 2 and SO 2 emissions and inequality in energy intensity. The results also verified the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve for both of the pollutants. These results are of interest to environmental and economic policymakers as these can help in coming up with economic policies to ensure environmental sustainability and an inclusive economic growth.

An investigation of the effects of income inequality on financial fragility: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries

“…For this reason, its formulation is based on the analyses of Kumhof et al (2015) and Goda et al (2017) according to which the top shares of the income distribution consist of capital owners and, hence, of entrepreneurs whose returns are reflected by operating surplus. Bhattacharya and Sinha (2016) and Sinha (2016Sinha ( , 2017 also adopt this methodological pattern as inequality may be subject to geographical differences across countries due to structural and economic fundamentals. 20 Moreover, the set of inequality indexes presented by Theil (1967) could also explore the aforementioned relationship as they utilize the between and the within group inequality components.…”

Teleworking Effect on Traffic and Air Pollution

“…Furthermore, there is no detailed recording for other pollutants in every monitoring station and along the period examined, including P b , Z n and NO 3 -. For example the studies by Krueger (1991, 1995), Panayotou (1997), Selden and Song (2004), Vollebergh et al (2009), Giovanis and Ozdamar (2016), Sinha andBhattacharya (2016, 2017), include income and population density as main factors of air pollution. Since our variables are based on individual and household level, household size is used as a proxy for the population density, as we have mapped the air pollution on municipality level.…”

“…Finally, teleworking can also expand opportunities for part time workers who have responsibilities at home and household, including caring of children, elder or disabled people, and it allows people with impaired mobility and disability to work from home. The studies by Sinha andBhattacharya (2016, 2017) explored the relationship between NO2 and SO2 and classification of income into low, medium and high levels.…”

“…According to earlier studies we implement fixed effects models since we have location-municipality fixed effects and using the control variables that we explore in more details in the data section (Jones, 2009;Lavain, 2015;Giovanis and Ozdamar, 2016;Sinha andBhattacharya, 2016, 2017).…”

“…A similar explanation can be given for the education level and age, where the older, more educated and more experienced workers are more likely to telework. Income is an important factor, according to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, where the air quality is deteriorated up to a certain point and after this point is improved Krueger, 1991, 1995;Panayotou, 1997;Selden and Song, 2004;Vollebergh et al, 2009;Giovanis and Ozdamar, 2016;Sinha andBhattacharya, 2016, 2017). Household size and marital status can be related to traffic, as larger households may make more use of transportation leading to higher levels of air pollution.…”