Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Glycoprotein A and B Assessed by 1H-NMR in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

High plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and chronic inflammation are important factors related to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in patients at cardiovascular risk. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), we aimed to study the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and acute-phase glycoprotein profiles of a cohort of patients with metabolic disease and their relationship with fatty liver. Plasma samples of 280 patients (type 2 diabetes, 81.1%; obesity, 63.3%; and metabolic syndrome, 91.8%) from the University Hospital Lipid Unit were collected for the measurement of small, medium and large TRL particle numbers and sizes and glycoprotein profiles (Glyc-A and Glyc-B) by 1H-NMR. Liver function parameters, including the fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, were assessed. Hepatic echography assessment was performed in 100 patients, and they were followed up for 10 years. TRL particle concentrations showed a strong positive association with Glyc-A and Glyc-B (ρ=0.895 and ρ=0.654, p<0.001, respectively) and with the liver function-related proteins ALT ρ=0.293, p<0.001), AST (ρ=0.318, p<0.001) and GGT (ρ=0.284, p<0.001). Likewise, TRL concentrations showed a positive association with FLI (ρ=0.425, p<0.001) but not with FIB-4. During the follow-up period of 10 years, 18 new cases of steatosis were observed among 64 patients who were disease-free at baseline. Baseline TRL particle numbers and glycoprotein levels were associated with the new development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (AUC=0.692, p=0.018 and AUC=0.669, p=0.037, respectively). Overall, our results indicated that TRL number and acute-phase glycoproteins measured by 1H-NMR could be potential biomarkers of the development of hepatic steatosis in patients at metabolic risk.

Lipidomics of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins derived from hyperlipidemic patients on inflammation

“…15,16,[24][25][26][27] The robustness of these NMR-measured glycoproteins improves the detection of systemic inflammation to a wider extent than single markers, such as high-sensitivity CRP. 19,28 In our study, we could not detect differences in this clinically established marker, whereas the concentrations of Glyc-A, B and F increased in parallel to TRL-TG levels. These results suggest that TRL concentrations and composition have a significant impact on the subclinical inflammatory status of patients with lipid metabolism derangements.…”

“…In our study, patients in the highest quartile of TRL‐TG showed higher levels of TRL particles as well as Glyc‐A, B and F. Recently, we and others have provided evidence that these liver‐derived glycoproteins are reliable biomarkers of low‐grade systemic inflammation in different conditions, including infectious and autoimmune diseases, T2DM, hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 15,16,24–27 . The robustness of these NMR‐measured glycoproteins improves the detection of systemic inflammation to a wider extent than single markers, such as high‐sensitivity CRP 19,28 . In our study, we could not detect differences in this clinically established marker, whereas the concentrations of Glyc‐A, B and F increased in parallel to TRL‐TG levels.…”

“…The Liposcale test®, a new generation 2D-1 H-NMR test developed in collaboration with our group, 18 was used to quantify the TRL particle number concentrations (P) and size (Z) of three different subtypes of TRLs, as previously described. 19,20 As well, following previously published protocols, plasma glycoprotein (Glyc-A, Glyc-B and Glyc-F) analysis was subjected to the same processing prior to NMR analysis. 15 After isolation by ultracentrifugation of the TRL fraction from the plasma of the patients, samples were processed for the lipidomic study using NMR.…”

Metabolic Indexes of Obesity in Major Depressive Disorders

“…These were consistent with our experimental results. Clinically, AST and ALT are commonly used to re ect human liver function, and the liver function plays an important role in lipid metabolism [23]. LDH mainly exists in animal tissues such as myocardium and liver.…”

Glycoprotein Serum Concentrations Assessed By 1H-NMR are Increased in Patients With High Blood Pressure

“…Inflammatory bowel disease and chronic infection status, as in HIV patients, also have higher GlycA levels. [19][20][21][22][23][24] GlycF represents different glycosylation molecules not bound to proteins, and its biological role has been less studied. Overall, the 3 signal pics of glycosylated proteins designate different aspects of the same global biochemical process.…”