Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 and 2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary sarcoidosis

Abstract

Background and objective: Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the lungs and has been associated with infection by microorganisms. Triggering receptor expressed on the surface of myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is overexpressed in response to infection while TREM-2 is involved in granuloma formation. We hypothesized that these receptors are overexpressed in PS and might be useful for diagnostic testing. Methods: Cell surface TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression in cells obtained at bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was measured in individuals with sarcoidosis (n = 26) and compared with that seen in individuals with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) (n = 27). Results: TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was significantly increased in sarcoidosis compared with other ILD: total number of TREM-1, P = 0.0039 (23.81 vs 13.50 cells/ml), TREM-2, P < 0.0001 (32.81 vs 7.76 cells/ ml); percentage of TREM-1: P = 0.0002 (41.30% vs 15.70%), TREM-2: P < 0.0001 (34% vs 9.60%); and mean fluorescence of TREM-1: P = 0.0005 (5.43 vs 1.96), TREM-2: P = 0.0011 (6.85 vs 2.77). Increase in both of these receptors seems to be typical for PS. In discriminating sarcoidosis from other ILD, the specificity (96%) and sensitivity (72%) of the combination of TREM-1 and TREM-2 was high. Conclusions: Increased TREM-1 and TREM-2 cell surface expression is observed in sarcoidosis. Evaluation of BAL cell expression of both of these receptors may serve as a diagnostic marker for sarcoidosis.

Diagnostic value of TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis and other lung diseases

“…CD8 ratio test together with TREM-1 and TREM-2 test resulted in an increased sensitivity and specifi city. Signifi cant association of increased TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression on myeloid cell surfaces in BALF of PS patients has been detected also in our previous study (19). According to these two studies, we might conclude, that increase in both of these receptors are typical for PS diagnosis and can represent a new diagnostic marker for PS.…”

“…TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptor expressions appear to be a good diagnostic marker with a relatively high sensitivity and specifi city (19).…”

“…In our previous study, we showed an increased expression of both TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptors on the surface of myeloid cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid (BALF) in pulmonary sarcoidosis and increased levels of soluble sTREM-1 in BALF of PS patients (19,20). TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptor expressions appear to be a good diagnostic marker with a relatively high sensitivity and specifi city (19).…”

Year in review 2013: Acute lung injury, interstitial lung diseases, sleep and physiology

“…Suchankova et al . undertook a study of myeloid cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoid . They explored the expression pattern of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 and ‐2.…”

TREM‐2 Receptor Expression Increases with 25(OH)D Vitamin Serum Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

“…So, these receptors reflect two typical signs of sarcoidosis: (1), inflammation and antimicrobial response (through TREM-1) and (2) phagocytosis and multinucleated cells and granuloma formation (through TREM-2 and DAP-12 signalling). In our previous study we showed an increased expression of both TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptors on the surface of myeloid cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) and increased levels of soluble sTREM-1 in BALF of PS patients [ 18 , 19 ]. There are a few studies concerning the levels of vitamin D and TREM receptor expressions.…”