Triggering explosive eruptions—The case for silicic magma recharge at Huaynaputina, southern Peru

Silva, De; Salas, Guido; Schubring, Steven

doi:10.1130/g24380a.1

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They showed that the reactivation, growth and assembly of large silicic magma bodies before eruption can occur on very short geological timescales (Druitt et al, 2012). This idea is consistent with evidence for late-stage recharge on similar timescales before caldera eruptions elsewhere (Morgan et al, 2006;de Silva et al, 2008).…”

Section: Study Areasupporting

confidence: 70%

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

et al. 2013

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There have been limited studies to date targeting mercury emissions from volcanic fumarolic systems, and no mercury flux data exist for soil or fumarolic emissions at Santorini volcanic complex, Greece. We present results from the first geochemical survey of Hg and major volatile (CO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 O and H 2 ) concentrations and fluxes in the fumarolic gases released by the volcanic/hydrothermal system of Nea Kameni islet; the active volcanic center of Santorini. These data were obtained using a portable mercury spectrometer (Lumex 915+) for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) determination, and a Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) for major volatiles. Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) concentrations in the fumarole atmospheric plumes were systematically above background levels (~4 ng GEM m -3 ), ranging from ~4.5 to 121 ng GEM m -3 . Variability in the measured mercury concentrations may result from changes in atmospheric conditions and/or unsteady gas release from the fumaroles. We estimate an average GEM/CO 2 mass ratio in the fumarolic gases of Nea Kameni of approximately 10 -9 , which falls in the range of values obtained at other low-T (100°C) volcanic/hydrothermal systems (~10 -8 ); our measured GEM/H 2 S mass ratio (10 -5 ) also lies within the accepted representative range (10 -4 to 10 -6 ) of non-explosive volcanic degassing. Our estimated mercury flux from Nea Kameni's fumarolic field (2.56 × 10 -7 t yr -1 ), while making up a marginal contribution to the global volcanic non-eruptive GEM emissions from closed-conduit degassing volcanoes, represents the first available assessment of mercury emissions at Santorini volcano, and will contribute to the evaluation of future episodes of unrest at this renowned volcanic complex.

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Section: Study Areasupporting

confidence: 70%

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

et al. 2013

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“…This can consist of a wide variety of indicators, such as mafic enclaves or glomerocrysts within the erupted magma, phenocryst rims showing a markedly different composition to their interiors, or compositionally zoned deposits showing a progression to more primitive compositions as eruption ensues and empties the magma chamber (e.g., Bacon and Druitt 1988;Wolff et al 1990). Recent work has shown the importance of silicic magma recharge in providing the heat and volatiles necessary to trigger eruption in continental arc settings (e.g., de Silva et al 2008;Smith et al 2009), but evidence can be cryptic, involving subtle textural and chemical variations. Boyce and Hervig (2008) have shown that OH and Cl growth zonation in apatite phenocrysts from the CGI record a multistage magmatic history just prior to eruption.…”

Section: Geochemical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical homogeneity of a long-lived, large silicic system; evidence from the Cerro Galán caldera, NW Argentina

et al. 2011

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By applying a number of analytical techniques across a spectrum of spatial scales (centimeter to micrometer) in juvenile components, we show that the Cerro Galán volcanic system has repeatedly erupted magmas with nearly identical geochemistries over >3.5 Myr. The Cerro Galán system produced nine ignimbrites (∼5.6 to 2 Ma) with a cumulative volume of >1,200 km 3 (DRE; dense rock equivalent) of calc-alkaline, high-K rhyodacitic magmas (68-71 wt.% SiO 2 ). The mineralogy is broadly constant throughout the eruptive sequence, comprising plagioclase, quartz, biotite, Fe-Ti oxides, apatite, and titanite.

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“…It is well documented that mixing can trigger eruptions when magma chambers are recharged by the injection of more mafic or more silicic magmas (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7]). In addition to open-system processes, like recharge and mixing, in situ crystallization and/or resorption (cryptic phases) can make it difficult to interpret the histories of many magma batches (e.g., [8][9][10][11][12]). The chemical complexity created by these processes requires rigorous statistical techniques for interpreting magmatic evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust

et al. 2013

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Over the last forty years, research has revealed the importance of magma mixing as a trigger for volcanic eruptions, as well as its role in creating the diversity of magma compositions in arcs. Sensitive isotopic and microchemical techniques can reveal subtle evidence of magma mixing in igneous rocks, but more robust statistical techniques for bulk chemical data can help evaluate complex mixing relationships. Polytopic vector analysis (PVA) is a multivariate technique that can be used to evaluate suites of samples that are produced by mixing of two or more magma batches. The Papagayo Tuff of the Miocene-Pleistocene Bagaces Formation in northern Costa Rica is associated with a segment of the Central American Volcanic Arc. While this segment of the arc is located on oceanic plateau, recent (<8 Ma) ignimbrites bear the chemical signatures of upper continental crust, marking the transition from oceanic to continental crust. The Papagayo Tuff contains banded pumice fragments consistent with one or more episodes of mixing/mingling to produce a single volcanic deposit. The PVA solution for the sample set is consistent with observations from bulk chemistry, microchemistry and petrographic data from the rocks. However, without PVA, the unequivocal identification of the three end-member solution would not have been possible

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Triggering explosive eruptions—The case for silicic magma recharge at Huaynaputina, southern Peru

Cited by 45 publications

References 2 publications

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

Geochemical homogeneity of a long-lived, large silicic system; evidence from the Cerro Galán caldera, NW Argentina

Evaluating Complex Magma Mixing via Polytopic Vector Analysis (PVA) in the Papagayo Tuff, Northern Costa Rica: Processes that Form Continental Crust

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