Triggered Surface Slips in the Salton Trough Associated with the 1999 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake

Rymer, M. J.; Boatwright, John; Seekins, Linda C.; Yule, J. Douglas; Liu, Jing

doi:10.1785/0120000935

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Our trench site is within the region of assigned intensity of VIII. At Xian Zhou, ~20 km east of the Salt Lake site, the 1709 earthquake was recorded, as “ground shaking, with water springs dried up.” If the penultimate event exposed at the Salt Lake site was the consequence of the 1709 Zhongwei M 7 1/2 earthquake, it could be triggered cracking on the Haiyuan fault, similar to the response of the faults in the Salton Sea region, Southern California, to earthquakes on nearby faults [ Hudnut et al ., ; Rymer et al ., , ; Wei et al ., ].…”

Section: Event Age Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China

et al. 2015

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Paleoseismology provides fundamental data for generalizing earthquake recurrence behavior, by revealing past surface‐rupturing events. Determining the size of paleoseismic events is notoriously more challenging than their timing. Paleoearthquakes exposed in trenches are vaguely defined as large enough to break to the surface and often assumed to be similar in size. Here we show an example where the paleoseismic record includes events of both moderate and large magnitudes. At the Salt Lake site on the active left‐lateral Haiyuan Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau, a high‐resolution stratigraphic sequence recorded three and possibly four events since A.D. 1500, constrained by accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating. Historical accounts of earthquake damage in the study region suggest that several earthquakes exposed in the trenches markedly differ in magnitude. With the exception of the most recent M~8 earthquake that occurred in A.D. 1920, two earlier events, which occurred in A.D. 1760 (or 1709) and 1638, respectively, are considerably smaller, with magnitude M < 7 and more likely M~6 or less. Thus, this section of the Haiyuan Fault that broke during moderate‐magnitude events failed again after a short interval during a large Mw 7.8–8.3 earthquake, as part of a larger multisegment rupture. Our study shows that moderate‐magnitude events can be preserved in the stratigraphy and exposed by paleoseismic trenching under ideal conditions, for instance, if sedimentation is fast enough and there is no hiatus in deposition. Eventually, the data presented add to the growing body of paleoseismic records containing events of different magnitudes with a large variability in rupture length and coseismic slip.

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Section: Event Age Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China

et al. 2015

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“…The Coyote Creek fault zone has nucleated more M>6 earthquakes in historic time and has experienced creep events during regional earthquakes, whereas the Clark fault has not (Sharp, 1972a(Sharp, , 1972b(Sharp, , 1982Sharp and Clark, 1972;Clark, 1972;Sanders, 1989;Hudnut and Clark, 1989;Rymer et al, 2002;Rymer, 2000). Oddly, the slightly younger, slower, and more seismically active Coyote Creek fault has the more "maturelooking" and continuous fault trace than the slightly older and much faster Clark fault within the Salton basin.…”

Section: Comparison Of Slip Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Geologic Slip Rates since Early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe Fault Zones in the San Andreas Fault System: Southern California, USA

Jänecke¹,

Dorsey²,

Forand³

et al. 2011

High Geologic Slip Rates Since Early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe Fault Zones in the San Andreas Fa

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on June 12, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from 2 Janecke et al. ABSTRACTThe San Jacinto right-lateral strike-slip fault zone is crucial for understanding plate-boundary dynamics, regional slip partitioning, and seismic hazards within the San Andreas fault system of southern California, yet its age of initiation and long-term average slip rate are controversial. This synthesis of prior and new detailed studies in the western Salton Trough documents initiation of structural segments of the San Jacinto fault zone at or slightly before the 1.07-Ma base of the Jaramillo subchron. The dextral faults changed again after ca. 0.5-0.6 Ma with creation of new fault segments and folds. There were major and widespread basinal changes in the early Pleistocene when these new faults cut across the older West Salton detachment fault. We mapped and analyzed the complex fault mesh, identifi ed structural segment boundaries along the Clark, Coyote Creek, and San Felipe fault zones, documented linkages between the major dextral faults, identifi ed previously unknown active strands of the Coyote Creek fault 5 and 8 km NE and SW of its central strands, and showed that prior analyses of these fault zones oversimplify their complexity. The Clark fault is a zone of widely distributed faulting and folding SE of the Santa Rosa Mountains and unequivocally continues 20-25 km SE of its previously inferred termination point to the San Felipe Hills. There the Clark fault zone has been deforming basinal deposits at an average dextral slip rate of ≥ ≥10.2 +6.9/−3.3 mm/yr for ~0.5-0.6 m.y. Five new estimates of displacement are developed here using offset successions of crystalline rocks, distinctive marker beds in the late Cenozoic basin fi ll, analysis of strike-slip-related fault-bend folds, quantifi cation of strain in folds at the tips of dextral faults, and gravity, magnetic, and geomorphic data sets. Together these show far greater right slip across the Clark fault than across either the San Felipe or Coyote Creek faults, despite the Clark fault becoming "hidden" in basinal deposits at its SE end as strain disperses onto a myriad of smaller faults, strike-slip ramps and fl ats, transrotational systems of cross faults with strongly domain patterns, and a variety of fault-fold sets. Together the Clark and Buck Ridge-Santa Rosa faults accumulated ~16.8 +3.7/−6.0 km of right separation in their lifetime near Clark Lake. The Coyote Ridge segment of the Coyote Creek fault accumulated ~3.5 ± 1.3 km since roughly 0.8-0.9 Ma. The San Felipe fault accumulated between 4 and 12.4 km (~6.5 km preferred) of right slip on its central strands in the past 1.1-1.3 Ma at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges. Combining the estimates of displacement with ages of fault initiation indicates a lifetime geologic slip rate of 20.1 +6.4/−9.8 mm/yr across the San Jacinto fault zone (sum of Clark, Buck Ridge, and Coyote Creek faults) and about ~5.4 +5.9/−1.4 mm/yr across the San Felipe fault zone at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges. The NW Coyote Creek fault has a lifetime slip r...

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“…The AFs in Table 8, which are weighted by N k , were primarily derived from the slip data compiled by Wisely et al [2007] for the 2007 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities [ Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities and the USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Program ( WGCEP and NSHMP ), 2007], supplemented with a few additional studies. We did not include faults that exhibit steady or transient surface creep thought to be a dynamic (short‐term) or static (long‐term) response to some large, regional event (e.g., Superstition Hills/Elmore Ranch [ McGill et al , 1989]; Landers [ Bilham and Behr , 1992; Bodin et al , 1994]; Loma Prieta [ Lienkaemper et al , 1997; Rymer , 2000]; Hector Mine [ Rymer et al , 2002]). However, we did assign nonzero AFs to the Coachella Valley [ Lyons et al , 2002] and Imperial Valley segments of the San Andreas fault, because they have exhibited transient creep over the full width of the seismogenic crust.…”

Section: Evolutionary Aspects Of Near‐fault Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of seismicity across strike‐slip faults in California

Powers¹,

Jordan²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

103

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[1] The distribution of seismicity about strike-slip faults provides measurements of fault roughness and damage zone width. In California, seismicity decays with distance from strike-slip faults according to a power law. This scaling relation holds out to a fault-normal distance x of 3-6 km and is compatible with a "rough fault loading" model in which the inner scale d measures the half width of a volumetric damage zone and the roll-off rate g is governed by stress variations due to fault roughness. According to Dieterich and Smith's 2-D simulations, g approximates the fractal dimension of alongstrike roughness. Near-fault seismicity is more localized on faults in northern California (NoCal, d = 60 ± 20 m, g = 1.65 ± .05) than in southern California (SoCal, d = 220 ± 40 m, g = 1.16 ± .05). The Parkfield region has a damage zone half width (d = 120 ± 30 m) consistent with the SAFOD drilling estimate; its high roll-off rate (g = 2.30 ± .25) indicates a relatively flat roughness spectrum: ∼k −1 versus k −2 for NoCal, k −3 for SoCal. Our damage zone widths (the first direct estimates averaged over the seismogenic layer) can be interpreted in terms of an across-strike "fault core multiplicity" that is ∼1 in NoCal, ∼2 at Parkfield, and ∼3 in SoCal. The localization of seismicity near individual faults correlates with cumulative offset, seismic productivity, and aseismic slip, consistent with a model in which faults originate as branched networks with broad, multicore damage zones and evolve toward more localized, lineated features with low fault core multiplicity, thinner damage zones, and less seismic coupling. Our results suggest how earthquake triggering statistics might be modified by the presence of faults.Citation: Powers, P. M., and T. H. Jordan (2010), Distribution of seismicity across strike-slip faults in California,

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Triggered Surface Slips in the Salton Trough Associated with the 1999 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake

Abstract: Surface fracturing occurred along the southern San Andreas, Supersti-

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China

Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China

High Geologic Slip Rates since Early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe Fault Zones in the San Andreas Fault System: Southern California, USA

Distribution of seismicity across strike‐slip faults in California

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