Trigger Chemistries for Better Industrial Formulations

Abstract

In recent years, innovations and consumer demands have led to increasingly complex liquid formulations. These growing complexities have provided industrial players and their customers access to new markets through product differentiation, improved performance, and compatibility/stability with other products. One strategy for enabling more complex formulations is the use of active encapsulation. When encapsulation is employed, strategies are required to effect the release of the active at the desired location and time of action. One particular route that has received significant academic research effort is the employment of triggers to induce active release upon a specific stimulus, though little has translated for industrial use to date. To address emerging industrial formulation needs, in this review, we discuss areas of trigger release chemistries and their applications specifically as relevant to industrial use. We focus the discussion on the use of heat, light, shear, and pH triggers as applied in several model polymeric systems for inducing active release. The goal is that through this review trends will emerge for how technologies can be better developed to maximize their value through industrial adaptation.

Effect of benzoic acid surface modified alumina nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

“…The phenomenon of saturation concentration could be attributed to the decrease in the effective concentration resulting from the agglomeration of additives at high loadings. 42,43 The addition of BA-Al 2 O 3 NPs shows two types of effects on the crystallization behavior of iPP. On one hand, the BA-Al 2 O 3 NPs act as a heterogeneous nucleating agent to increase the crystallization nucleation rate.…”

A Virus-Mimicking, Endosomolytic Liposomal System for Efficient, pH-Triggered Intracellular Drug Delivery

“…40 The size of the virus-mimicking liposomal system would increase tremendously as result of the significantly enhanced intermolecular interaction between polymer coating layers. When pH was increased back to 7.4, the expansion of the polymer structure would lead to a considerable reduction to the original size of the virus-mimicking liposomes.…”

One-Step Generation of Multifunctional Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules via Nanoscale Interfacial Complexation in Emulsion (NICE)

“…Microcapsules formed from "smart" polymers such as polyelectrolytes enable the triggered release of encapsulated actives in the presence of stimuli such as pH and light, making them useful in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and agricultural applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In addition, polyelectrolyte microcapsules with aqueous cores in an aqueous environment represent a class of "protocells" that enable the recapitulation of cellular functions such as enzyme reactions, gene/protein expression and inter-capsule communications. [15][16][17][18] These polyelectrolyte microcapsules can be prepared by inducing complexation of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, such as through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, to form nano-engineered shells that are sensitive to external stimuli.…”