Trigeminal Amyloidoma: Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Amyloid is an abnormal insoluble protein that can deposit in extracellular space. It can involve nearly any organ system and may manifest as a systemic process or focal lesion (amyloidoma). We present a rare case of localized amyloidosis with trigeminal nerve being the only site of involvement and no evidence of systemic disease. We also review literature relevant to trigeminal amyloidoma and make recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

A Case of Bilateral Trigeminal Amyloidoma Diagnosed Through an Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach

“…Under light microscopic examination, amyloid presents as an eosinophilic amorphous hyaline extracellular substance, exhibiting characteristic apple-green birefringence when viewed under polarized light and stained with Congo red. Neurosurgeons most commonly perform craniotomies for surgical biopsies [9]. In the present case, however, we performed a biopsy through an endoscopic approach, which provides superior cosmetic results and lessens morbidity.…”

“…Previous reports indicate a higher prevalence of the condition in females, with the age at diagnosis typically ranging from 27 to 70 years, and a mean age of 47 years [2]. The most frequently reported symptoms are pain and numbness in at least two branches of the trigeminal nerve, and in some instances, weakness in the masticatory muscles has also been noted [9,10]. Imaging results are variable and non-specific, often revealing a mass-forming lesion within Meckel's cave or a slight enlargement of the trigeminal nerve.…”

“…Trigeminal amyloidoma is typically a slow-growing condition; it is often diagnosed several years after the onset of symptoms, and it is generally classified as benign [9]. However, due to its low incidence and the limited number of published reports, the clinical progression of trigeminal amyloidoma remains largely unknown.…”

A case of primary retroperitoneal amyloidoma resected laparoscopically

“…Some cases of primary amyloidomas which occurred in the brain, cutaneous tissue, and soft tissue of the extremities were surgically resected and their prognoses were relatively good. 1 However, there are few reports regarding amyloidoma occurring in the retroperitoneal space. To our knowledge, there is no surgically-resected case of retroperitoneal amyloidoma.…”