Trifunctional metasurface for manipulating linearly and circularly polarized waves in transmission and reflection modes

Abstract

Integration of multiple functionalities into a single, planar, and ultra-compact device has become an emerging research area in photonics. In this work, we design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate a trifunctional metasurface integrated by meta-atoms with resonant and geometrical phase cells. By changing the polarization and incident direction of electromagnetic (EM) waves, the wavefronts of the transmitted and reflected waves can be reshaped. The metasurface exhibits the strong capability to manipulate both the linearly polarized (LP) wave and circularly polarized (CP) wave at different frequencies. Therefore, the designed trifunctional metasurface can achieve three distinct functionalities including beam deflecting for X-linearly polarized (X-LP) wave at 13 GHz impinging from below, and diverging and focusing lens for CP waves at 9 GHz impinging from above. Both far-field and near-field microwave experiments demonstrate the predicted functionalities of the fabricated device, which can advance research and applications related to other distinct functionalities of photonics integration.

A review of recent progress on directional metasurfaces: concept, design, and application

“…Frequency-multiplexing meta-devices using different frequency channels to construct distinct functionalities enriching the abilities of metasurface for EM wave control without the sacrifice of compactness and performance, which may overcome the current limitation of single-frequency operations [136][137][138]. When frequency-multiplexing meets direction multiplexing, it can provide more flexibility and in general could integrate more wave functionalities into a single device [139][140][141][142][143][144]. Figure 5(c) presents a strategy for spinselective directional metasurface by combining dual geometric phase metasurface with a frequency-selective surface [145].…”

Full-space polarization conversion of electromagnetic waves at terahertz frequency based on metasurface

“…Furthermore, the metasurface can bend or focus electromagnetic waves on the transmission and reflection sides of the metasurface, respectively. Q Fang et al designed a metamaterial capable of operating linear and circular polarization waves in both transmission and reflection modes [30], with the functions of polarization conversion, focusing and divergence. Apart from that, L Zhang et al proposed a transmission-reflectionintegrated multi-function coding metasurface for the full-space controls of electromagnetic waves [31], which realized multiple independent functionalities by changing the polarization and direction of incident waves.…”

Tri-state Metasurface-Based Electromagnetic Screen with Switchable Reflection, Transmission, and Absorption Functionalities

“…A wide variety of functionalities has been tailored from metasurfaces, including wavefronts manipulation, − polarization conversion and control, − holographic imaging, − vortex beam generation, , and antennas and lenses, − to name a few. In this context, geometric phase, also referred to as Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurfaces, and, more precisely, passive metasurfaces combining both geometric and propagation phases, are exploited to achieve different functionalities under different incident polarized waves. − Recently, metasurfaces integrating several switchable electromagnetic functionalities into a single device have attracted enormous interest. − On the basis of the digital coding metamaterials concept, coding metasurfaces have also been proposed to achieve more than one functionality in a single device. , Meanwhile, metasurfaces incorporating reconfigurability mechanisms, such as p–i–n diodes or varactor diodes, graphene, and insulator-to-metal transition materials, have also been proposed for dynamically switchable functionalities. − Space–time modulated digital coding metasurfaces incorporating p–i–n diodes and controlled by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) have shown the possibility to simultaneously manipulate electromagnetic waves in both spatial and frequency domains and to dynamically control nonreciprocal effects. , …”