Trifluoromethyl‐β‐dicarbonyls as Versatile Synthons in Synthesis of Heterocycles

Abstract

Trifluoromethyl group relishes a privileged position in the realm of medicinal chemistry because its incorporation into organic molecules often enhances the bioactivity by altering pharmacological profile of molecule. Trifluoromethyl‐β‐dicarbonyls have emerged as pivotal building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry due to their facile accessibility, stability and remarkable versatility. Owing to presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, they offer multifunctional sites for the reaction. This review covers a meticulous exploration of their multifaceted role, encompassing an in‐depth analysis of mechanism, extensive scope, limitations and wide‐ranging applications in diverse organic synthesis, covering the literature from the 21st century. This comprehensive review encapsulates the applications of trifluoromethyl‐β‐dicarbonyls and their synthetic equivalents as precursors of complex and diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, fused heterocycles and spirocyclic compounds having medicinal and material importance. Their potent synthetic utility in cyclocondenation reactions with binucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, C‐C bond formations, asymmetric multicomponent reactions using classical/solvent‐free/catalytic synthesis have been presented. Influence of unsymmetrical trifluoromethyl‐β‐diketones on regioselectivity of transformation is also reviewed. This review will benefit the synthetic and pharmaceutical communities to explore trifluoromethyl‐β‐dicarbonyls as trifluoromethyl building blocks for fabrication of heterocyclic scaffolds having implementation into drug discovery programs in the imminent future.

Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reaction of Indole/Pyrrole Involving HCFO‐1233zd (E)

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Thus, the incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules has attracted considerable attention, and significant progress has been achieved in the past decade. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Several top-selling drugs, such as fluazuron, chlorfenapyr and pyridalyl, contain a CF 3 group. Among these trifluoromethylated substituted compounds, 3-indolenones constitute an important class of compounds, especially 3indolenones with trifluoromethyl substituents, which are highly fluorinated indoles.…”