TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Mammary metabolism of amino acids in dairy cows1,2

Lapierre, H.; Lobley, G. E.; Doepel, L.; Raggio, G.; Rulquin, Henri; Lemosquet, Sophie

doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4645

Cited by 110 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In contrast to Lee et al (2012a), addition of RPHis resulted in an increase in milk protein concentration, which in turn, together with the numerically increased milk yield, led to an increase in MPY. The milk protein response to RPHis in the current trial may be explained in part by increased DMI and consequent provision of EAA for milk protein synthesis (Lapierre et al, 2012b) and in part to the specific ef-fect of increased dHis supply. Histidine has been shown to be a limiting AA in MP-deficient diets (Lee et al, 2012a), and infusion experiments have also reported a positive effect of His on milk protein concentration and MPY (Kim et al, 1999(Kim et al, , 2001Weekes et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected methionine and histidine on performance of dairy cows

Giallongo

Hristov

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This experiment was conducted with the objective to investigate the effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected (RP) Met and His supplementation of a metabolizable protein (MP)-deficient diet (according to NRC, 2001) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Sixty lactating Holstein cows were used in a 10-wk randomized complete block-design trial. Cows were fed a covariate diet for 2 wk and then assigned to one of the following treatments for an 8-wk experimental period: (1) MP-adequate diet [AMP; 107% of MP requirements, based on the National Research Council (NRC, 2001)]; (2) MP-deficient diet (DMP; 95% of MP requirements); (3) DMP supplemented with slow-release urea (DMPU); (4) DMPU supplemented with RPMet (DMPUM); and (5) DMPUM supplemented with RPHis (DMPUMH). Total-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein, and urinary N and urea-N excretions were decreased by DMP, compared with AMP. Addition of slow-release urea to the DMP diet increased urinary urea-N excretion. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (on average 44.0±0.9kg/d) were not affected by treatments, except DMPUMH increased DMI and numerically increased milk yield, compared with DMPUM. Milk true protein concentration and yield were increased and milk fat concentration tended to be decreased by DMPUMH, compared with DMPUM. Cows gained less body weight on the DMP diet, compared with AMP. Plasma concentrations of His and Lys were not affected by treatments, whereas supplementation of RPMet increased plasma Met concentration. Plasma concentration of 3-methylhistidine was or tended to be higher for DMP compared with AMP and DMPU, respectively. Addition of RPHis to the DMPUM diet tended to increase plasma glucose and creatinine. In conclusion, feeding a 5% MP-deficient diet (according to NRC, 2001) did not decrease DMI and yields of milk and milk components, despite a reduction in nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of RPHis increased DMI and milk protein concentration and yield. These results are in line with our previous data and suggest that His may have a positive effect on voluntary feed intake and milk production and composition in high-yielding dairy cows fed MP-deficient diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected methionine and histidine on performance of dairy cows

Giallongo

Hristov

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Similar to our study, they found decreased lysine and tryptophan in cattle showing clinical signs of ketosis 19 . Not surprisingly, they found a relationship between glucogenic amino acids such as arginine, valine, and glycine which are processed into phosphoenolpyruvate to synthesize glucose, and clinical ketosis 28 . They also found a correlation between clinical ketosis and the levels of ketogenic amino acids such as leucine and lysine, which can be converted to ketones in the liver 29 , and amino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic such as tryptophan and isoleucine 19,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma metabolomic profiles differ at the time of artificial insemination based on pregnancy outcome, in Bos taurus beef heifers

Phillips

Read

Kriese-Anderson

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Infertility remains the most prevalent reason for cattle being removed from production environments. We utilized metabolomic profiling to identify metabolites in the blood plasma that may be useful in identifying infertile heifers at the time of artificial insemination (AI). Prior to AI, phenotypic parameters including body condition, weight, and reproductive organ measurements were collected. These were determined not effective at differentiating between fertile and infertile heifers. Analysis of the resulting metabolomic profiles revealed 15 metabolites at significantly different levels (T-test P ≤ 0.05), with seven metabolites having a greater than 2-fold difference (T-test P ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥2, ROC-AUC ≥ 0.80) between infertile and fertile heifers. We further characterized the utility of using the levels of these metabolites in the blood plasma to discriminate between fertile and infertile heifers. Finally, we investigated the potential role inflammation may play by comparing the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the white blood cells of infertile heifers to that of fertile heifers. We found significantly higher expression in infertile heifers of the proinflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6), and the C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5). Our work offers potentially valuable information regarding the diagnosis of fertility problems in heifers undergoing AI.

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“…The uptake to milk output ratio of AA, as an indicator of mammary AA metabolism, was calculated as the net uptake of AA by the mammary gland, divided by the measured milk output of AA. Glutamic acid and Gln, as well as Asp and Asn milk output were individually calculated by using the proportion of Glu or Gln and Asp or Asn in milk true protein according to mean literature values reported by Lapierre et al (2012).…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets rich in starch improve the efficiency of amino acids use by the mammary gland in lactating Jersey cows

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Ortigues-Marty

Lemosquet

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to test whether the greater milk N yield usually observed when feeding diets based on starch versus fiber was the consequence of a higher efficiency of AA use across the mammary gland and whether this effect depended on dietary crude protein (CP) content. Five midlactation multicatheterized Jersey cows were fed 4 isoenergetic diets to provide 2 different carbohydrate compositions (CHO; rich in starch vs. rich in fiber) crossed by 2 different protein levels (12.0 vs. 16.5% CP) and according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Blood samples were collected at the end of each treatment period from the mesenteric artery and mammary vein to determine mammary net nutrient fluxes. The nature of nutrients taken up by the mammary gland differed between starch and fiber diets: mammary net uptake of acetate increased with fiber versus starch diets, whereas mammary net uptake and clearance rate of glucose increased with starch versus fiber diets but only at a normal CP level. In addition, the mammary net uptake of total, essential, and branched-chain AA (BCAA) was significantly enhanced (12, 11, and 26% on average, respectively) when feeding starch versus fiber diets, in line with a greater milk protein yield (7% on average) and regardless of the CP level. The conversion efficiency of plasma essential AA into milk protein was improved with starch diets (33.7% on average) compared with fiber diets (27.5% on average). This higher mammary efficiency use of AA with starch diets was accompanied by a greater fractional extraction and clearance rate of AA belonging to group 2 (BCAA, Lys, Thr) by the mammary gland in absence of effects of CHO on either the mammary blood flow or the mammary AA metabolism. The positive effect of starch diets on mammary clearance rate and uptake of BCAA observed in this study was further improved when increasing dietary CP from 12.0 to 16.5%. Concerning the individual AA, Leu was the only whose mammary uptake accounted for a higher proportion of total essential AA in diets based on starch versus fiber and whose mammary uptake to milk output ratio was modified (together with Pro). Diets rich in starch versus fiber improved the mammary AA utilization; however, some CHO × CP interactions on mammary metabolism support the concept of different metabolic pathways by which starch diets improve milk protein yield at the 2 studied CP levels. Results from this study suggest that mammary Leu and glucose metabolism can be modulated by the supply of glucogenic nutrients to the mammary gland.

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TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Mammary metabolism of amino acids in dairy cows1,2

Cited by 110 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected methionine and histidine on performance of dairy cows

Effects of slow-release urea and rumen-protected methionine and histidine on performance of dairy cows

Plasma metabolomic profiles differ at the time of artificial insemination based on pregnancy outcome, in Bos taurus beef heifers

Diets rich in starch improve the efficiency of amino acids use by the mammary gland in lactating Jersey cows

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