Tricuspid valve dysplasia: A retrospective study of clinical features and outcome in dogs in the UK

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical and survival characteristics and to identify risk factors for mortality due to tricuspid valve dysplasia in UK dogs. Records of client-owned dogs diagnosed with tricuspid valve dysplasia at a referral centre were retrospectively reviewed. Only dogs diagnosed with tricuspid valve dysplasia based on the presence of a right-sided heart murmur identified prior to one year of age, and confirmed with Doppler echocardiography, were included. Dogs with concomitant cardiac diseases, pulmonary hypertension and/or trivial tricuspid regurgitation were excluded. Analysed data included signalment, reason for presentation, clinical signs, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features, survival status and cause of death. Survival times and risk factors for mortality were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression. Eighteen dogs met inclusion criteria. Border collies were over-represented (p= 0.014). Dogs were most frequently referred for investigation of heart murmur. The most common arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (n=3). Median survival time from diagnosis of tricuspid valve dysplasia was 2775 days (range 1-3696 days; 95% CI 1542.41-4007.59) and from onset of right-sided congestive heart failure was 181 days (range 1-2130 days; 95% CI 0-455.59). Syncope was the sole risk factor for cardiac death. In this population of UK dogs, tricuspid valve dysplasia was uncommon but, when severe, frequently led to rightsided congestive heart failure. Prognosis was favourable for mild and moderate tricuspid dysplasia. Survival time was reduced with right-sided congestive heart failure but varied widely. Risk of cardiac death was significantly increased if syncope had occurred.

Key considerations in the approach to congenital heart disease in dogs and cats

“…The median age at the time of diagnosis for 18 dogs with tricuspid valve dysplasia was 8.4 months and the oldest was 13 years old (Navarro‐Cubas et al . 2017). The median age at diagnosis for 15 dogs and 16 cats with tetralogy of Fallot was 3.6 and 9.8 months old, respectively (Chetboul et al .…”

“…2014), 78% of dogs with tricuspid valve dysplasia (Navarro‐Cubas et al . 2017), 81% of dogs and cats with a ventricular septal defect (Bomassi et al . 2015) and 84% of dogs with SAS (Kienle et al .…”

“…2015); however, it is important to remember that other congenital heart defects such as tricuspid valve dysplasia can have a similar murmur quality (loud, systolic and right sided) (Navarro‐Cubas et al . 2017) highlighting the utility of echocardiographic imaging to identify the source of a murmur and differentiate between defects. While many defects result in loud murmurs, a soft systolic murmur with a low murmur grade ranging from I‐III/VI at the left base is reported in the majority of dogs and cats with atrial septal defect (Chetboul et al .…”

Epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features, and outcome of dogs with Ebstein's anomaly: 32 cases (2002–2016)

“…Canine EA has been mostly described through case reports or case series [16][17][18]. To the best of our knowledge, very few studies have been published on congenital TV malformations in 6 the dog, and most of them do not differentiate animals with EA from those with TV dysplasia [19][20][21][22][23]. Thus survival time and prognostic factors predictive of survival in dogs with EA remain unknown.…”

Displasia Da Valva Tricúspide Em Um Cão Da Raça Shih-Tzu

“…O prognóstico foi favorável para displasia tricúspide leve e moderada. O tempo de sobrevida foi reduzido com a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva do lado direito (NAVARRO-CUBAS et al, 2017).…”