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Leiderer, Paul; Nelson, David R.; Watts, Doyle R.; Webb, Watt W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.34.1080

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Close enough to Tt, in practice for le,I < l0 -2, calculations show that A>> 1, and the relaxation time for the slowest mode can be obtained by an expansion method to give The last value is larger by a factor of 4 than the direct measurements by light scattering. 35 This discrepancy has been already discussed in Ref. 13.…”

Section: Appendix Relaxation Effects Near the Tricritical Pointmentioning

confidence: 56%

Shear viscosity measurements of liquid 4He and 3He-4He mixtures near the tricritical point

et al. 1992

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A torsional oscillator cell is described, by means of which simultaneous precision measurements of (prl) and of the molar volume can be made in liquid 4He-4He mixtures over the temperature range between 0.5 and 3 K. Here p is the mass density, rl the shear viscosity and in the superfluid phase they become the contributions p, and qn of the normal component. The results of ;l for 4He near the superfluid transition are compared with the predictions by Schloms, Pankert and Dohm, and by Ferrell. Measurements of (P~l) are reported for mixtures with 0.64 < X < O. 74, where X is the 3He mole fraction. Those for X =0.67 and 0.70 are compared with data by Lai and Kitchens. The viscosity experiments show no evidence of a weak singularity at the tricritical point.

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Section: Appendix Relaxation Effects Near the Tricritical Pointmentioning

confidence: 56%

Shear viscosity measurements of liquid 4He and 3He-4He mixtures near the tricritical point

et al. 1992

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“…This membrane elasticity effect is akin to the electrostatic image potentials across a dielectric surface. The question of a possible sharp behavioral transitionfrom coexisting hexatic plus disordered phases to the classical two-dimensional critical behavior-recalls Nelson's collaborative research with us more than thirty years ago (41,(45)(46)(47) on critical phenomena around phase transitions at ∼0.6 • K in isotopic mixtures of 3 He and 4 He. At ∼0.7 • K, tricritical compositional separation into two phases appears, with one phase showing dynamical order due to the quantum hydrodynamic coupling of atomic and thermal diffusion.…”

Section: The Impossible Challenge Of Understanding Internally Consistent Physical Chemistry and Statistical Physics Of "Membrane Rafts" Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2006

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on the Pleasures of Solving Impossible Problems of Experimental Physiology

Webb

2006

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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This commentary presents a series of examples of "impossible experimental problems" that we have encountered over the years in addressing various challenging questions in physiology. We aim to show how stimulating the challenges of physiology can be and demonstrate how our naive invocation of methods from disparate fields of science and engineering has led to delightful resolutions of physiological challenges that were utterly new to this intrepid interdisciplinary researcher. SEDUCTION BY SOME IMPOSSIBLE PROBLEMS OF PHYSIOLOGY Chemical Kinetics in Physiology by Fluorescence Correlation SpectroscopyThis innocent materials scientist was dragged into molecular physiology in the late 1960s, when I was presented with the challenge of understanding how the genomes of the recently defined DNA double helix could be separated into individual DNA strands for transcription. Physical biochemist Elliot Elson addressed this question when he joined the Cornell faculty in 1968, before the enabling transcription enzymes were characterized and understood. My relevant perspective then was derived from the excitement of measuring (for the first time) the fascinating phase-phase interface fluctuations near continuous phase transitions of molecular mixtures as well as intraphase fluctuations in 3 He-4 He isotopic mixtures at temperatures down to −272.5• C and in quantum superconductors to test the forthcoming theories of their fluctuations and statistical thermodynamics of their phase transitions (cf. 1-6). By comparison, the biophysical challenges of cellular physiology looked feasible even at sparse biomolecular concentrations (thus displaying my ignorance of the complexity of biochemistry).That naive innocence led us to develop Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) (7,8) But our invention was temporarily confounded by its instrumentation difficulties and so, after approximately 10 publications, we abandoned FCS for a decade. The faithful had to wait nearly 20 years before adequate infrastructure in computer capability, laser stability, and optical components was developed. It is ironic that our use of other indicators for correlation spectroscopies continued unabated. Now the use of FCS is almost a pleasure, yielding hundreds of research papers per year, which we finally recognized when the annual citations of our own FCS papers exceeded 360 during 2004. We now find FCS to be functional in cells as well as on cell membranes and broadly applicable in a variety of geometries (cf. 9-17).FCS did lead us to recognize early on that the sensitivity of fluorescent markers, which can reach single-molecule sensitivity, provided a universal key to molecular signals in molecular cell physiology. We turned to measurement of molecular mobility on the lipid plus protein membranes of living cell surfaces, a challenge not then understood in the light of Singer and Nicolson's (18) fluid mosaic model and still controversial in the age of the mysterious lipid rafts, but improving, as we shall see. Recently our research has led us back...

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Tricritical Slowing Down of Superfluid Dynamics inHe3-He

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Shear viscosity measurements of liquid 4He and 3He-4He mixtures near the tricritical point

Shear viscosity measurements of liquid 4He and 3He-4He mixtures near the tricritical point

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Commentary on the Pleasures of Solving Impossible Problems of Experimental Physiology

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