Triclosan resistance reversion by encapsulation in chitosan-coated-nanocapsule containing α-bisabolol as core: development of wound dressing

Abstract

The use of nanoparticles may be particularly advantageous in treating bacterial infections due to their multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action. Nanoencapsulation is particularly useful for lipophilic drugs. In this scenario, triclosan is considered a good candidate due to its lipophilicity, broad-spectrum activity, and safety. In the present study, we have developed and characterized an antimicrobial suspension of triclosan and α-bisabolol against pathogenic strains that are resistant ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and susceptible ( Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans ) to triclosan. We also aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, using serial microdilution adapted from a CLSI methodology (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Challenge test was used to confirm the antimicrobial effectiveness of the nanocapsule formulation, as well as after its incorporation into a commercial wound dressing (Veloderm ® ). The zeta potential of P. aeruginosa before and after contact with cationic nanocapsules and the ratio between the number of nanocapsules per colony forming unit (CFU) were determined to evaluate a possible interaction between nanocapsules and bacteria. The results showed that nanoencapsulation has improved the antimicrobial activity when tested with two different methodologies. The number of nanocapsules per CFU was high even in great dilutions and the zeta potential was reverted after being in contact with the cationic nanocapsules. The nanocapsules were able to improve the activity of triclosan, even when tested within 28 days and when dried in the wound dressing.

Anti-<em>Toxoplasma</em> activity of various molecular weights and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles on tachyzoites of RH strain

“…In addition to its harmless nature, CS includes striking properties such as antibacterial, antitumor and antifungal properties as well as abilities to heal wounds and stimulate the immune system. 12,13 Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) are a promising system for drug deliveries, including ocular and brain drug deliveries, oral administration of drugs and vaccine deliveries. 14 Several factors that affect the antibacterial activity of CS include the environmental conditions such as pH, type of microorganism and neighboring components, and the structural conditions such as concentration, degree of polymerization (DP) or MW, degree of deacetylation (DD) and derivative form as well as the original source of CS.…”

Topical Antiseptic Formulations for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

“…Positively charged chitosan was included to optimize interaction with negative charged microorganism membranes and α-bisabolol was selected for its ability to disperse lipophilic drugs such as triclosan. Resultant MICs of nanocapsules coated with chitosan were lower than other formulations and the chitosan-coated nanocapsules were incorporated into wound dressings where they were shown to extend the duration and extent of antimicrobial activity [ 113 ].…”

Unravelling Toxoplasma treatment: conventional drugs toward nanomedicine

“…Studies on antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles have been carried out against various microorganisms including parasites. However, besides antibacterial, antitumor, and antifungal properties, chitosan nanoparticles are reported as promising system for drug deliveries (De Marchi et al 2017;Wang et al 2011). Evaluation of various molecular weights and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles on tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain was conducted which resulted convincing anti-Toxoplasma efficiency, particularly in low molecular weights (Teimouri et al 2018).…”