Triclosan in Treated Wastewater from a City Wastewater Treatment Plant and its Environmental Risk Assessment

Mohan, S.; Balakrishnan, P.

doi:10.1007/s11270-019-4098-9

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Currently, widespread pollution with TCS has been detected in aquatic ecosystems of many countries [9]. TCS has been found in sewage treatment plant effluent in quantities up to micromolar (μg/l) concentrations in North America, Europe, and Asia [24,25,31,32,47]. Although most TCS is removed during sewage treatment, a survey of over 100 streams in the United States (USA) indicated that TCS was present in 57.6% of sites examined, with the maximum concentration being 2.3 μg/l [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish

2020

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Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-fungal agent used in a broad variety of personal care products (PCPs) throughout the world. However, the molecular mechanism of TCS's effects on the gill and ovary of fish is not clear. In this study, the effects of TCS exposure on expression of antioxidant-and apoptosis-related genes were investigated in the gill and ovary of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 17, 34, or 68 µg/l TCS for 42 days. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD, GPx1a, CAT, sMT-B, and MT-2) in the gill were significantly downregulated in the 34 (except GPx1a) and 68 µg/l TCS groups, and these genes (except MT-2) in the ovary were significantly downregulated in the 68 µg/l TCS group. Apoptosis-related gene (Bax and p53) expression level in the gill were significantly downregulated in the 68 µg/l TCS group, while the ratios of BCL-2 to Bax and MDM2 gene were significantly upregulated. The Bax gene in the ovary was significantly upregulated in the 34 and 68 µg/l TCS groups, while the ratio of BCL-2 to Bax was significantly downregulated. Moreover, the p53 gene in the ovary in the 34 µg/l TCS group was significantly upregulated. In addition, the MDA contents in the gill in the 34 and 68 μg/l TCS treated groups and in the ovary in 68 μg/l group were significantly increased. The results showed that the higher dose of TCS might cause oxidative damage in the gills and ovaries and accelerate ROS-dependent ovary apoptosis in zebrafish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish

2020

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“…[257] Algae were found vulnerable to Triclosan exposure in the aquatic environment but Triclosan did not induce any significant risk to human health. [258] Nevertheless additional wastewater treatment was recommended to completely remove triclosan residues. [258] It is hence important to determine and compare measured environmental concentration (MEC) and the predicted noeffect concentration (PNEC) for the environmental pollutants concerned, [256,259] because both are used in the evaluation of RQ (= MEC/PNEC).…”

Section: Selectivity Of Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[258] Nevertheless additional wastewater treatment was recommended to completely remove triclosan residues. [258] It is hence important to determine and compare measured environmental concentration (MEC) and the predicted noeffect concentration (PNEC) for the environmental pollutants concerned, [256,259] because both are used in the evaluation of RQ (= MEC/PNEC). [256,257] Many reports consider the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (e.g.…”

Section: Selectivity Of Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation

Zare‬

Mudhoo

Khan

et al. 2021

Small

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“…However, what we do know now is that pharmaceutical compounds and other chemical contaminants (e.g. triclosan, heavy metals) are also present alongside microbiological contaminants in the reclaimed water [65][66][67] . As such, many burning questions remain.…”

Section: More Questions To Be Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture

Hong

Wang

Mantilla‐Calderon

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The global need for food is posing a serious threat to water security. Treated wastewater can be used as an alternative water supply to mitigate our reliance on non-renewable waters (defined as water that cannot be replenished within our life span). However, concerns related to emerging contaminants such as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can impede efforts to push for widespread use of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation. This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the potential concerns by first using case studies in two countries that have already practiced water reuse. Second, we collate and analyze data that suggests that wastewater treatment plants able to achieve at least 8-log reduction in microbiological contaminants may suffice as appropriate intervention barriers for ARB dissemination to the environment. This chapter also recognizes that extracellular DNA carrying ARGs may not be effectively removed even with membranebased treatment. There is therefore a need to assess whether extracellular DNA may accumulate in agricultural soils due to repeated use of treated wastewater, and to determine the concentrations of extracellular DNA needed to significantly increase horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the natural environment. Given the large knowledge gaps that hinder an accurate assessment of the associated risks, it would be prudent to adopt the precautionary principle and to implement appropriate intervention strategies and best management practices that minimize the impacts and concerns arising from the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture.

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Triclosan in Treated Wastewater from a City Wastewater Treatment Plant and its Environmental Risk Assessment

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish

Effects of triclosan on antioxidant- and apoptosis-related genes expression in the gill and ovary of zebrafish

Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation

Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Risks When Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater for Agriculture

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