Triclosan and methyl-triclosan monitoring study in the northeast of Spain using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Kantiani, Lina; Farré, Marinella; Ašperger, Danijela; Rubio, Fernando; González, Susana; Alda, Miren López de; Petrović, Mira; Shelver, Weilin L.; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.016

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Evaluation of compounds occurrence such as triclosan and parabens in water environments in the world are still limited to only a few studies on a reduced number of countries (Tables 2 and 3). Among the available studies, it as possible to observe a predominance of studies conducted in developed countries, especially those carried out in Spain (KANTIANI et al, 2008;REGUEIRO et al, 2009;MONTES et al, 2009;VILLAVERDE-DE-SÁA et al, 2010;GORGA;BARCELO, 2013). Complementarily, there was a trend of the highest concentrations of these compounds found in water samples in developing countries such as China (PENG et al, 2008), India (RAMASWAMY et al, 2011) and Brazil (this study).…”

Section: Validation and Quality Controlsupporting

confidence: 49%

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Santos

Brehm

Filippe

et al. 2016

RBRH

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Parabens and triclosan compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical products, personal care, food and various products of daily use. After use, the final destinations of these contaminants are domestic effluents and the environment if not collected or treated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of parabens and triclosan in environments in a subtropical region, more specifically in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (southern Brazil) and possible effects of these compounds in aquatic environments through risk assessment through the use of risk quotient (RQ). Samples were collected in 20 points for 4 campaigns. For the extraction of the compounds we used the extraction technique of solid phase extraction (SPE). The determination of the compounds was using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed high concentrations of parabens, especially MeP (up to 2875 ng L -1). Despite high concentrations of parabens, their presence has a low risk to aquatic organisms. Triclosan has been observed at higher concentrations (415 ng L -1 ), suggesting once again that these environments are impacted by human action. The RQ assessed that triclosan has a high risk for certain groups of organisms.Keywords: Emerging pollutants; Risk assessment; Triclosan; Parabens; Domestic sewage. RESUMOParabenos e triclosan são usados amplamente na composição de produtos farmacêuticos, cuidado pessoal, alimentos e diversos produtos de uso cotidiano. Após seu uso, o destino final destes contaminantes são os efluentes domésticos e o meio ambiente, caso não seja coletado ou tratado. A presença destes poluentes emergentes podem apresentar efeitos adversos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parabenos e triclosan em ambientes de uma região subtropical, mais especificamente na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (sul do Brasil) e avaliar possíveis efeitos desses compostos em ambientes aquáticos, através da avaliação de risco através do quociente de risco (QR). Foram coletadas amostras em 20 pontos em rios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, durante quatro campanhas. Para a extração dos compostos, foi utilizada a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE), com determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Foram observadas elevadas concentrações de parabenos, especialmente MeP (máximo de 2875 ng L -1 ). Apesar das concentrações elevadas de parabenos a presença dos mesmos apresentou baixo risco para os organismos aquáticos. Quanto ao triclosan, observaram-se também elevadas concentrações (415 ng L -1 ), sugerindo mais uma vez que esses ambientes encontram-se impactados pela ação humana. O valor de QR permitiu avaliar que o triclosan apresentou um elevado risco para certos grupos de organismos.

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Section: Validation and Quality Controlsupporting

confidence: 49%

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Santos

Brehm

Filippe

et al. 2016

RBRH

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“…Experiments were performed to investigate triclosan removal at a concentration of 10 µg L −1 (35 nmol L −1 ), which was the average value reported for influents of wastewater treatment plants from the northeast of Spain during March 2007 . The analyte recovery was determined to be 93.7% and the limit of detection was 0.036 µg L −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed process for triclosan removal and antibacterial activity reduction

Melo

Dezotti

2012

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Triclosan is a biocide used in personal care products, and its presence in water bodies has been reported. This compound is suspected to be linked with the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. In the present work, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to catalyze triclosan removal. RESULTS: The stoichiometric ratio of H2O2 to triclosan (0.83) was higher than the value predicted by the HRP catalytic cycle (0.5). During the reactions, HRP activity was gradually reduced, likely due to excess H2O2. The addition of veratryl alcohol, syringaldazine and p‐coumaric acid (redox mediators) to the reaction medium, at a mediator/triclosan molar ratio of 1.0, increased triclosan removal from 45% (without a mediator) to 56%, 64% and 80%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of these mediators was much lower than that observed for triclosan. CONCLUSION: The antibacterial activity of triclosan solution was effectively reduced after enzymatic treatment. Moreover, the enzymatic process was proven to be technically feasible for removing triclosan at an environmental relevant concentration. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Presence of MTCS implies that triclosan is biologically transformed. However, this antimicrobial can be also removed from the water column by means of photodegradation processes (Kantiani et al, 2008). In this sense, we run a photodegradation experiment using both chemicals, TCS and MTCS.…”

Section: Case Study: Monitoring the Occurrence Of Tcs And Mtcs In An mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

2014

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h i g h l i g h t sSimultaneous extraction of TCS and MTCS by SBSE-LD and PLE-in-cell-clean up. Analysis of estuarine sediment and water samples and from photodegradation assays. Distribution of analytes in estuaries depends on wastewater sources and tides. TCS can be both photodegraded or converted to MTCS in estuaries. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tWe have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cellclean-up (1 g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100°C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100 mL), stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption (SBSE-LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10 h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L À1 for TCS and 1 ng L À1 for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g À1 for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g À1 in sediments and 310 ng L À1 in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower.

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Triclosan and methyl-triclosan monitoring study in the northeast of Spain using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Evaluation of a horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed process for triclosan removal and antibacterial activity reduction

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

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