Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic, chlorinated phenolic antimicrobial agent commonly used in commercial and healthcare products. Items made with TCS include soaps, deodorants, shampoos, cosmetics, textiles, plastics, surgical sutures, and prosthetics. A wealth of information obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCS, particularly against inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, extensive investigations on the molecular aspects of TCS action have identified numerous adversaries associated with the disinfectant including oxidative injury and influence of physiological lifespan and longevity. This review presents a summary of the biochemical alterations pertaining to TCS exposure, with special emphasis on the diverse molecular pathways responsive to TCS that have been elucidated during the present decade.

The impact of DNA adenine methyltransferase knockout on the development of triclosan resistance and antibiotic cross-resistance in Escherichia coli

“…Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum biocide that has recently been restricted due to concerns that it may have toxic or carcinogenic effects, in addition to concerns about antibiotic cross-resistance [15][16][17][18], but it is still used in a range of products such as soaps and deodorants [19]. In…”

Risk Assessment of Cosmetics Using Triclosan on Future Generation’s Germ Cell Maturation via Lactating Mother Rats

“…Despite being a common endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) due to the presence of its phenolic moiety, TCS is widely used in commercial cosmetic and plastic manufacturing products as an antimicrobial additive [29,30]. However, the effect on rat pups breastfed by TCS-treated lactating mother rats has not been investigated in terms of germ cell maturation, sperm production, and body growth.…”

Prediction of the skin sensitization potential of polyhexamethylene guanidine and triclosan and mixtures of these compounds with the excipient propylene glycol through the human Cell Line Activation Test

“…2,4,4′-Trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan (TCS)) is also used in a wide variety of consumer or household products including cosmetics, hand sanitizers, or deodorants as an antimicrobial substance or a preservative (Lee et al, 2019a; Weatherly and Gosse, 2017). Even though TCS is considered as a probable humidifier disinfectant, information on its human pulmonary toxicity is not much available (Alfhili and Lee, 2019; Kwon et al, 2013; Weatherly and Gosse, 2017). Several epidemiological and case studies indicate TCS as a mild skin irritant, but its SS potential has been doubted (Bertelsen et al, 2013; Schena et al, 2008; Weatherly and Gosse, 2017).…”