Triclosan alters adult zebrafish behavior and targets acetylcholinesterase activity and expression

Pullaguri, Narasimha; Nema, Shubham; Bhargava, Yogesh; Bhargava, Anamika

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2019.103311

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The reduction of AChE activity in tilapia on exposure to acute concentrations of TCS is shown in Fig 2 . Highest amount of inhibition of AChE was observed at 1046 µg.l -1 of TCS in tilapia. Similar observation of reduction in enzyme activity in brain tissue was observed in zebra fishes by Oliviera et al (2009) and Pullaguri et al (2020).…”

Section: Activity Of Acetylcholinesterase Enzymesupporting

confidence: 87%

Short Term Effects of Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852): Biochemical and Genetic Alterations

Deepika

Padmavathy

Srinivasan

et al. 2021

IJAR

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Background: Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent which enters into the aquatic environment through wastewater discharges which causes potential health risk in human and aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus. Methods: The fishes were subjected to five different concentrations viz. 131, 262, 523, 1046 and 2092 µg.l-1 of triclosan for 96 h acute toxicity test. To evaluate the levels of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S transferase, brain and liver tissues were collected, homogenized, extracted and stored at -20° for further analysis. The DNA damage was assessed in gill and liver tissues using single cell gel electrophoresis method. Result: In present study, the calculated 96 h LC50 value of triclosan in O. mossambicus was 740 µg.l-1 and the fishes showed various behavioural alterations. Time and dose dependent inhibition of AChE activity in brain tissue was observed during acute toxicity test. However, the GST activity in liver tissue increased on exposure to triclosan with significant increase in concentration of toxicant. DNA damage index was higher in gill tissue compared to the liver tissue during acute exposure to TCS which could cause detrimental effects in fishes.

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Section: Activity Of Acetylcholinesterase Enzymesupporting

confidence: 87%

Short Term Effects of Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852): Biochemical and Genetic Alterations

Deepika

Padmavathy

Srinivasan

et al. 2021

IJAR

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“…Inefficient ATP production lowers the energetic and swimming efficiency, which results in a decrease in U crit , along with an increase in COT values. Triclosan is also known to cause significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the brain and skeletal muscle [ 32 ], which can degrade neuromuscular functionality and decrease U crit . Because of the lower energetic efficiency of zebrafish after Triclosan exposure, zebrafish require more oxygen to produce more ATP to drive swimming at any given speed, leading to a higher MMR (78.50 μmol h −1 g −1 ) and producing fatigue at a lower final speed (U crit = 7.57 cm/s), compared to normal zebrafish (control group) with MMR = 65.89 μmol h −1 g −1 at U crit = 16.79 cm/s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Miniature Intermittent-Flow Respirometry System with a 3D-Printed, Palm-Sized Zebrafish Treadmill for Measuring Rest and Activity Metabolic Rates

Huang

Tsao

Fang

2020

Sensors

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Zebrafish are a preferred vertebrate model for evaluating metabolism during development, and for toxicity studies. However, commercially available intermittent-flow respirometry systems (IFRS) do not provide a suitable zebrafish-scaled swimming tunnel with a low water volume and proper flow velocities. We developed a miniature IFRS (mIFRS) with a 3D-printed, palm-sized zebrafish treadmill for measuring the swimming ability and metabolic rate of a single one- or three-month-old zebrafish with and without toxicity treatment. The 3D-printed zebrafish treadmill consists of discrete components assembled together which enables the provision of a temporary closed circulating water flow. The results showed that three-month-old zebrafish of normal physiological status had higher energetic efficiency and could swim at a higher critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of 16.79 cm/s with a lower cost of transport (COTopt) of 0.11 μmol g−1m−1. However, for a single three-month-old zebrafish treated with an antibacterial agent, Ucrit decreased to 45% of normal zebrafish and the COTopt increased to 0.24 μmol g−1m−1, due to the impairment of mitochondria. Our mIFRS provides a low-cost, portable, and readily adaptable tool for studying the swimming performance and energetic metabolism of zebrafish.

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“…First, Oliveira et al (2009) demonstrated as TCS exposure induced acute toxicity in zebrafish early‐life stages, with a value of LC50 at 96 hpf of 0.42 mg/L. Recently the LC50 of TCS determined in zebrafish larvae was 0.6 mg/L (Pullaguri et al, 2020). In the present study, the value of LC50 at 96 hpf was 0.27 mg/L and the difference between these results and those of the previous authors could be related to the different experimental procedures and the type of solvent used, as also demonstrated for other personal care products (Merola et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although TCS is a stable and lipophilic compound, it can be transformed into more toxic and bioaccumulative derivatives once in the aquatic environment, such as 2,8‐ dichlorodibenzodioxin, other dioxin derivatives and chlorophenols (Anger et al, 2013). The potential toxic effects of TCS on freshwater and marine organisms have been investigated using different experimental models including algae, invertebrates, amphibians, and fish (Khatikarn, Satapornvanit, Price, & Van den Brink, 2018; Palenske, Nallani, & Dzialowski, 2010; Pullaguri, Nema, Bhargava, & Bhargava, 2020; Xin, Huang, An, Raina‐Fulton, & Weger, 2019). Among fish, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) represents a valuable model to study both the ecotoxicological and developmental toxicity of TCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity induced by triclosan exposure in zebrafish embryos

Iannetta

Caioni

Vito

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and the developmental alterations induced by triclosan (TCS) exposure in zebrafish early-life stages using fish embryo acute toxicity tests as a methodological approach.Material and Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to five concentrations of TCS and the four lethal alterations were daily recorded to determine the toxicological endpoints of acute toxicity. Furthermore, sublethal alterations were recorded to assess the effect of exposure concentrations on zebrafish embryo's development.Results: The TCS toxicity was determined at 96 h of exposure as lethal concentration 10, lethal concentration 20, lethal concentration 50, lowest observed effects concentration, and no observed effects concentration, reported the following values: 168, 197.2, 267.8, 300, and 200 μg/L. Exposed larvae showed a delay in hatching rate and developed sublethal alterations including reduced blood flow, pericardial oedemata, reduced heartbeat, blood congestion, and craniofacial malformations. The number of zebrafish larvae developing cardiovascular alterations changed according to the tested concentrations and time of evaluation. Conclusion:The data confirmed the developmental toxicity of TCS on aquatic organisms and the sublethal alterations developed by zebrafish larvae, indicated its cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Moreover, the developmental toxicity was strongly influenced by the concentration tested and the number of survived zebrafish developing this alteration varying according to the time of exposure. K E Y W O R D S aquatic toxicology, in vivo model, personal care products toxicity, sublethal alterations 1 | INTRODUCTION Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro phenoxy)phenol; TCS) is a nonionic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial used as ingredient in disinfectants, soap, detergent, toothpaste, mouthwash, fabric, deodorant, shampoo, and plastic additives, in addition to innumerable other personal care, veterinary, industrial, and household products (Dann &

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Triclosan alters adult zebrafish behavior and targets acetylcholinesterase activity and expression

Cited by 50 publications

References 53 publications

Short Term Effects of Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852): Biochemical and Genetic Alterations

Short Term Effects of Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852): Biochemical and Genetic Alterations

A Miniature Intermittent-Flow Respirometry System with a 3D-Printed, Palm-Sized Zebrafish Treadmill for Measuring Rest and Activity Metabolic Rates

Developmental toxicity induced by triclosan exposure in zebrafish embryos

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