Triclosan affects motor function in zebrafish larva by inhibiting ache and syn2a genes

Pullaguri, Narasimha; Grover, Poonam; Abhishek, Suman; Rajakumara, Eerappa; Bhargava, Yogesh; Bhargava, Anamika

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128930

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In order to observe the inhibition of AChE activity, we first used triclosan at concentrations 0.3 and 0.6 mg/L as used previously in vivo [5]. Figure 2 shows AChE activity inhibition by triclosan at the two tested concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies carried out in mice indicate that prenatal exposure to triclosan can induce neurodevelopmental disorders [4]. Recently, we showed that triclosan has the potential to induce neurotoxicity at sublethal concentrations by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in vivo [5]. AChE is a cholinergic enzyme that is found primarily in neuromuscular junctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, AChE activity is also one of the most common biomarkers of neurotoxicity [6]. Mechanistically, using docking studies, we showed that triclosan can form a stable interaction with the binding pocket of AChE and can compete with the natural neurotransmitter, acetylcholine for binding to the active site of AChE [5]. However, direct inhibition of AChE by triclosan remains to be experimentally confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activityin Vitroin a Dose-Dependent Manner

Pullaguri

Kagoo

Bhargava

2021

Preprint

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The antimicrobial agent, Triclosan, is widely used in many consumer products. It has been designated as a "contaminant of emerging concern (CEC)" because its exposure is known to cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Triclosan is not labelled as GRAS/GRAE (generally recognized as safe and effective), but its use is still prevailing. In vivo studies have revealed that exposure to triclosan results in a decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. However mechanistic insights into AChE inhibition by triclosan are missing. Using in vitro AChE activity assay with purified AChE, we show that triclosan acts as a direct inhibitor of AChE and inhibits AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Given the function of AChE, any alteration in its activity can be neurotoxic. Our results provide important mechanistic insights into triclosan induced neurotoxicity with AChE as a target.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activityin Vitroin a Dose-Dependent Manner

Pullaguri

Kagoo

Bhargava

2021

Preprint

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“…The neurotoxicity of TCS in the zebrafish model was recently investigated by several authors (Ling et al, 2020; Pullaguri et al, 2021; D. Wang, Wang, Huang, & Wang, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity induced by triclosan exposure in zebrafish embryos

Iannetta

Caioni

Vito

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and the developmental alterations induced by triclosan (TCS) exposure in zebrafish early-life stages using fish embryo acute toxicity tests as a methodological approach.Material and Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to five concentrations of TCS and the four lethal alterations were daily recorded to determine the toxicological endpoints of acute toxicity. Furthermore, sublethal alterations were recorded to assess the effect of exposure concentrations on zebrafish embryo's development.Results: The TCS toxicity was determined at 96 h of exposure as lethal concentration 10, lethal concentration 20, lethal concentration 50, lowest observed effects concentration, and no observed effects concentration, reported the following values: 168, 197.2, 267.8, 300, and 200 μg/L. Exposed larvae showed a delay in hatching rate and developed sublethal alterations including reduced blood flow, pericardial oedemata, reduced heartbeat, blood congestion, and craniofacial malformations. The number of zebrafish larvae developing cardiovascular alterations changed according to the tested concentrations and time of evaluation. Conclusion:The data confirmed the developmental toxicity of TCS on aquatic organisms and the sublethal alterations developed by zebrafish larvae, indicated its cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Moreover, the developmental toxicity was strongly influenced by the concentration tested and the number of survived zebrafish developing this alteration varying according to the time of exposure. K E Y W O R D S aquatic toxicology, in vivo model, personal care products toxicity, sublethal alterations 1 | INTRODUCTION Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro phenoxy)phenol; TCS) is a nonionic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial used as ingredient in disinfectants, soap, detergent, toothpaste, mouthwash, fabric, deodorant, shampoo, and plastic additives, in addition to innumerable other personal care, veterinary, industrial, and household products (Dann &

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“…Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, mercury chloride, triclosan, and glyphosate‐based herbicides inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity resulting in paralysis, mainly of the fins and respiratory muscles, uncoordinated movements, seizures, and even central depression of respiration (Antonijevic & Stojiljkovic, 2007; Menéndez‐Helman et al, 2012; Modesto & Martinez, 2010; Pullaguri et al, 2021; Sancho et al, 1998; Suresh et al, 1992; Thomaz et al, 2009). Furthermore, contaminants such as microcystins and glyphosate‐based herbicides cause oxidative stress and alterations in gill structure and respiratory epithelium (Braz‐Mota et al, 2015; Gupta & Guha, 2006; Martins et al, 2017; Shiogiri et al, 2012) which could result in disturbances in respiratory function.…”

Section: Effects Of Contaminants On Tolerance Of Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of complex physiological traits as ecotoxicological biomarkers in tropical freshwater fishes

et al. 2021

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We review the use of complex physiological traits, of tolerance and performance, as biomarkers of the toxicological effects of contaminants in subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. Such traits are growing in relevance due to climate change, as exposure to contaminants may influence the capacity of fishes to tolerate and perform in an increasingly stressful environment. We review the evidence that the critical oxygen level, a measure of hypoxia tolerance, provides a valuable biomarker of impacts of diverse classes of contaminants. When coupled with measures of cardiorespiratory variables, it can provide insight into mechanisms of toxicity. The critical thermal maximum, a simple measure of tolerance of acute warming, also provides a valuable biomarker despite a lack of understanding of its mechanistic basis. Its relative ease of application renders it useful in the rapid evaluation of multiple species, and in understanding how the severity of contaminant impacts depends upon prevailing environmental temperature. The critical swimming speed is a measure of exercise performance that is widely used as a biomarker in temperate species but very few studies have been performed on subtropical or tropical fishes. Overall, the review serves to highlight a critical lack of knowledge for subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. There is a real need to expand the knowledge base and to use physiological biomarkers in support of decision making to manage tropical freshwater fish populations and their habitats, which sustain rich biodiversity but are under relentless anthropogenic pressure.

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Triclosan affects motor function in zebrafish larva by inhibiting ache and syn2a genes

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activityin Vitroin a Dose-Dependent Manner

Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase Activityin Vitroin a Dose-Dependent Manner

Developmental toxicity induced by triclosan exposure in zebrafish embryos

Use of complex physiological traits as ecotoxicological biomarkers in tropical freshwater fishes

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