Trickling filters following anaerobic sewage treatment: state of the art and perspectives

Abstract

This paper reviews the experience of the last 20 years of research, design and operation of UASB/TF systems.

Downflow Hanging Sponge System: A Self-Sustaining Option for Wastewater Treatment

“…TFs is the second most widely used aerobic biological wastewater treatment system after activated sludge process (ASP) around the world [5]. TF is nonsubmerged fixed-bed, aerobic biological reactor which was applied for sewage treatment for the first time in England in 1893 [6]. Pre-settled wastewater is continuously trickled or sprayed from the top with the help of a rotating sprinkler.…”

“…UASB is an anaerobic treatment system originally developed for industrial wastewater treatment. With due course of time, it became popular in developing countries for domestic wastewater treatment due to its affordability, simple construction, easy operation and maintenance [6][7][8]. Recent studies on TF following anaerobic sewage treatment system revealed that 25% of UASB reactor employed TF as post treatment system [8][9][10].…”

“…Studies on molecular microbiology of UASB+DHS have highlighted slow growers such as nitrifiers, denitrifies and even active annamox bacteria in the inner aerobic niches of the sponges facilitating the nitrification and denitrification reaction for nitrogen removal [16,51]. The other studies also reported that TFs have poor consistency in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to other conventional treatment systems [6]. Likewise, UASB+DHS system is also efficient for removing pathogenic bacteria from wastewater which was due to high DO condition which prevented growth of bacteria and allowed the higher micro-organisms (protozoa and metazoan) to predate on pathogens such as E. coli and total coliforms [52].…”

Presence of bacteria and bacteriophages in full-scale trickling filters and an aerated constructed wetland

“…instead of the typical rock-based media are used to provide an improved environment for biofilm development and enhance the removal of bacteria indicators (Bressani-Ribeiro, et al, 2018). For example, Naz et al (2014) reported a higher than 3.5 log…”

Comparación de tecnologías para el tratamiento sostenible de aguas residuales ordinarias en pequeñas comunidades de Costa Rica

“…Para el caso de los sistemas SD + HFSSH, considerados una tecnología consolidada a nivel internacional, existen numerosas referencias que demuestran su aplicabilidad para cumplir con requisitos de tratamiento secundario más estrictos que los existentes en Costa Rica (por ejemplo de Estados Unidos o de países Europeos) (Crites y Tchobanoglous, 1998;Metcalf y Eddy, 2003;Kadlec y Wallace, 2009;Vymazal y Kropfelová, 2008;Qasim, SR. y Zhu, 2018). En relación con los sistemas UASB + FBP rellenos con espuma de poliuretano, se trata de una tecnología más reciente, con reportes en la literatura de aplicaciones en escala piloto o plena en países de Asia (Mahmoud, M., Tawfik, A. y El-Gohary, F., 2011;Nurmiyanto y Ohashi, 2019;Tandukar et al, 2005;Tawfik, A., Ohashi, A. y Harada, H., 2006) y en Brasil (Almeida et al, 2009; Chernicharo, C. A. L.y Almeida, P. G. S., 2011; Almeida, P. G. S., Marcus, A. K., Rittmann, B. E. y Chernicharo, C. A. L., 2013;Bressani-Ribeiro et al, 2017;Bressani-Ribeiro et al, 2018). Según esos estudios, esta tecnología cumpliría con los requisitos de calidad de tratamiento secundario y podría incluso permitir un efluente parcialmente nitrificado (no requerido según la reglamentación vigente en Costa Rica).…”