Trichotillomania in Children: A Review

Mannino, Fortune V.; Delgado, Rafael A.

doi:10.1176/ajp.126.4.505

Cited by 97 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…More over, pathophysiological processes causing hair pulling and eating should affect all ani mals of one pen in about the same way; this was obviously not the case since young ani mals consistently exhibited this disorder more often than old animals and females tended to engage in it more than males. This corroborates again the situation in human subjects in which trichotillomania is espe cially common in young individuals and is usually reported in females [Mannino and Delgado, 1969;McLaughlin and Nay, 1975;Gray, 1979], Hair pulling and eating may have been related to climatic factors in the studied monkeys since scores were higher in the four winter-spring months than in the five springsummer months. This difference, however, was biased due to the fact that some females had newborn infants in the spring-summer period and parallel to this had markedly decreased their hair pulling activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hair Pulling and Eating in Captive Rhesus Monkey Troops

Reinhardt¹,

Reinhardt²,

Houser³

1986

IJFP

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Hair pulling and eating has not yet received attention in the nonhuman primate literature. Hair pulling and eating was recorded 388 times in two heterogeneous troops of healthy rhesus monkeys that were kept according to modern management practices. The behavior in question consists of the following sequence: (1) pulling with the fingers (1/3 of cases) or with the teeth (2/3 of cases) tufts of hair from one’s own or from a partner’s coat; (2) chewing the hair and finally swallowing it; the undigested material is excreted in the feces. Hair pulling was almost exclusively (378/388) partner-directed. It was observed 364 times between animals whose dominance relationships were known; it was performed in 96% (349/364) of observations by a dominant but only in 4% (15/364) of observations by a subordinate monkey. The recipient of hair pulling showed typical fear and/or avoidance reactions. In both troops young animals (2–8 years of age) engaged in hair pulling and eating significantly more often than old animals (10–26 years of age). There was no evidence that nutritional, toxicological or climatic factors were responsible for the manifestation of this behavior. It was concluded that, similar to trichotillomania in man, wool pulling and eating in sheep and muskox, and feather picking in poultry, hair pulling and eating is an aggressive behavioral disorder in rhesus monkeys reflecting adjustment problems to a stressful environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hair Pulling and Eating in Captive Rhesus Monkey Troops

Reinhardt¹,

Reinhardt²,

Houser³

1986

IJFP

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“…Trichotillomania in childhood is rare and is seen in girls more than boys and can be associated with an emotional deprivation in relation to the mother (10). Trichotillomania is usually seen in children aged 10 -13 years, but in this case occurred at the age of 4.5 years, which required timely supportive measures by the parents (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling) in a 4.5-Year-Old Girl

Nejad

Ranjbar

Nejad

et al. 2016

Thrita

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Introduction: Trichotillomania (TTM) is a type of chronicimpulse control disorder characterized by the recurrent pulling of hair, which can cause pleasure, relief of pressure and can be associated with infections or skin diseases in the hair pulling areas. Case Presentation: A 4.5-year-old girl without any psychiatric disorders in the family. She was cared for by her mother, and the child had a history of separation anxiety. After detection of trichotillomania, her head was shaved by her parents in order to avoid pulling of the hair, but triggered additional psychiatric problems and isolation. Trichotillomania usually can be seen in children aged 10 to 13 years but in this case occurred at the young age of 4.5 years. Conclusions: Trichotillomania may also be seen in preschool-aged children and may be associated with separation anxiety disorder. Improper and late treatment can be associated with a worsening of the disorder.

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“…Estudos clínicos iniciais sugeriam que a TTM era extremamente rara 75 ; entretanto, estudos em populações não clínicas mais recentes encontraram uma taxa de prevalência em torno de 4% 76 . Em um estudo sobre a prevalência de TTM em um grupo não clínico com 2.579 estudantes universitários, encontraram-se 1,5% dos homens e 3,4% das mulheres da amostra apresentando padrões anormais de arrancar cabelo e, desse total, 0,6% preenchia critérios diagnósticos para TTM 2 .…”

Section: Epidemiologiaunclassified

“…Pacientes submetidos à psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica só obtiveram êxito quando técnicas comportamentais foram empregadas conjuntamente 75,124 .…”

Section: Tratamento Psicoterápicounclassified

Tricotilomania

Toledo¹,

Taragano²,

Córdas³

2010

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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ResumoContexto: Relatada desde a Antiguidade, a tricotilomania (TTM) somente na última década despertou maior interesse clínico, sendo incluída no DSM-IV-TR (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 th Text Revision) como um transtorno do controle dos impulsos não especificado. Dados recentes estimam uma prevalência em torno de 3%, indicando uma incidência mais comum do que se imaginava. Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos ainda não estão totalmente definidos. Objetivo: Revisão sistemática da literatura de vários aspectos da tricotilomania pertinentes à teoria clínica e prática. Método: Os termos "trichotillomania", "epidemiology", "clinical characteristics", "etiology", "comorbidity" e "treatment" foram consultados nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, PsycINFO e Cochrane Library. Resultados: Pesquisas com populações não clínicas sugerem que a TTM é mais comum do que se acreditava. Aspectos fenomenológicos, taxonômicos, comorbidades e possibilidades terapêuticas são discutidos. Conclusão: Apesar de um crescente número de estudos recentes, questões clínicas e terapêuticas permanecem em aberto. Com base nesta revisão da literatura, sugerem-se direções para diagnóstico, tratamento e futuras pesquisas.Toledo EL, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2010;37(6):251-9 Palavras-chave: Tricotilomania, etiologia, epidemiologia, diagnóstico, tratamento. AbstractBackground: Recognized since antiquity, only within the last decade has the subject of trichotillomania provoked any larger clinical interest since it has been included in the DSM-IV-TR (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 th Text Revision) as a disturbance of the impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified. Recent data estimates its prevalence at around 3%. Although more common than it was imagined before, clinical and therapeutic aspects are still not well defined. Objective: Systematic revision in the literature of several aspects of trichotillomania and its clinical and practical theory. Method: The term "trichotillomania", "its epidemiology", "clinical characteristics", "etiology", "comorbidity" and "treatment" were searched in the data bases of Medline/ PubMed, Lilacs, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library. Results: Research with no clinical populations suggests that TTM is more common than it was previously suspected. Phenomenological and taxonomical aspects, comorbidity as well as therapeutic possibilities are discussed. Conclusion: Despite a growing number of recent studies, clinical and therapeutic aspects remain undefined. Based on this literature's review, directions are suggested concerning diagnosis, treatment and future research.

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Trichotillomania in Children: A Review

Cited by 97 publications

References 8 publications

Hair Pulling and Eating in Captive Rhesus Monkey Troops

Hair Pulling and Eating in Captive Rhesus Monkey Troops

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling) in a 4.5-Year-Old Girl

Tricotilomania

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