Trichothecene occurrence in Japanese wheat and barley-its characteristics

Yoshizawa, Takumi; Jin, Yin‐Zhe

doi:10.2520/myco1975.1998.47_15

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In Japan, both chemotypes of the F. graminearum species complex prevail (Ichinoe et al 1984;Nakajima and Yoshida 2007;Suga et al 2008;Yoshizawa 1997;Yoshizawa and Jin 1998), and natural contamination of wheat with both DON and NIV occurs (Tanaka et al 1988;Tanaka and Sugiura 2003;Yoshizawa 1997;Yoshizawa and Jin 1998); therefore, control of FHB and of DON and NIV contamination is essential for wheat production in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen application at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in breadmaking wheat in the western part of Japan

2008

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In the western part of Japan, two wheat cultivars, Nishinokaori and Minaminokaori, are currently cultivated for breadmaking. Breadmaking wheat requires a higher protein content compared to the Japanese noodle wheat (the major type of wheat in Japan). This high protein level in the grain is obtained by top-dressing with nitrogen (N) near anthesis. Because such N applications may increase levels of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and consequent mycotoxin [deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV)] accumulation in the grain, the effect of N application (0, 4, and 8 g/m 2 ) at anthesis on FHB and mycotoxin accumulation in Nishinokaori and Minaminokaori was tested in the greenhouse in 2004 and 2005 and in two fields in 2006. In the greenhouse, plants were spray inoculated at 3, 10, and 20 days after N treatment. In field experiments, colonized maize kernels, which generate ascospores during the testing season, served as inoculum. In all experiments for both cultivars, N application at anthesis significantly increased grain protein as expected, but had no significant effect on FHB and DON and NIV levels in grain. These results suggest that, at least in these cultivars, N can be applied close to anthesis without increasing the risk of FHB and mycotoxin (DON and NIV) accumulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen application at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in breadmaking wheat in the western part of Japan

2008

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“…15) Their mycotoxin-producing profiles have been examined, and the characteristics of their geographical distributions have also been reported. 14,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Metconazole ((1RS, 5RS; 1RS, 5SR)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol), a demethylation inhibitor of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (DMI), was synthesized and its biological activity was found by the Kureha Corporation in 1986. 22) It was first launched as a cereal fungicide in France in 1994, and had been globally registered and was being used as a fungicide for Sensitivity of Japanese Fusarium graminearum species complex isolates to metconazole cereals, oil seed rape, turf, tree nuts, fruits and many other kinds of crops in more than 30 countries by 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Japanese Fusarium graminearum species complex isolates to metconazole

et al. 2010

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The sensitivity of the Fusarium graminearum species complex, the causal fungus of Fusarium head blight, to metconazole was measured. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 101 isolates ranged from 0.20 to 6.25 mg/l with a single peak at 1.56 mg/l. The effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition (EC 50 ) was Ͻ0.1 mg/l in about 80% of isolates, and no isolate was significantly less sensitive to metconazole among this group. Among the F. graminearum species complex, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum s. str. were identified by PCR-RFLP. The trichothecene chemotypes were determined as 3ADON, 15ADON, or NIV by multiplex PCR. Although species-specific geographical distributions and mycotoxin production characteristics were found, the MIC values to metconazole of both species were distributed within a similar range, and no significant difference in sensitivity was observed between the species or trichothecene chemotypes. Next, CYP51 genes from isolates with different sensitivities to metconazole were amplified by PCR, and their sequences were compared. As a result, it was suggested that the differences in sensitivity to metconazole between the isolates were not due to the substitution of amino acids in CYP51, the target enzyme of DMI. Then, macrospores from isolates with various sensitivities to metconazole were sprayed onto wheat ears, and the efficacy of metconazole was examined. Metconazole showed high control activity against every isolate.

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“…We investigated the accumulation of both DON and NIV because they often co-occur (Placinta et al 1999;Tanaka et al 1988;Yoshizawa and Jin 1998). Two types of study design, casecontrol and intervention, were used to provide evidence that lodging increases the level of mycotoxin contamination in wheat, barley, and rice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few reports (Langseth and Stabbetorp 1996;Nicholson et al 2003) have addressed the interaction between lodging and mycotoxin levels, and previous studies on these issues focused only on DON. In Japan, however, the NIV prpducing isolates (chemotype) of the F. graminearum species complex are widely distributed in western parts of Japan and more frequently isolated than the DON chemotype (Ichinoe et al 1984;Nakajima and Yoshida 2007;Yoshizawa and Jin 1998). Their virulence may also be very high .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of lodging on the level of mycotoxins in wheat, barley, and rice infected with the Fusarium graminearum species complex

2008

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Lodging is one possible risk factor that leads to increased cereal mycotoxin contamination, but few reports have been published on the subject. We examined the effects of lodging on the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) contamination in wheat, barley, and rice infected with the Fusarium graminearum species complex. Case-control and intervention studies were applied to test the hypothesis that lodging increases the level of mycotoxin contamination. A total of 66 grain samples were collected from each field in 12 Japanese prefectures from 2002 to 2006. Each sample set consisted of grains from lodged and nonlodged plants. The concentration of DON + NIV in lodged plants was significantly higher than in nonlodged plants. All samples of wheat and barley were contaminated with DON and NIV; however, most of the lodged rice samples were contaminated only with NIV. In intervention trials to investigate the effects of lodging duration, a small area of wheat inoculated with the pathogen was completely lodged by trampling. Even with 5 days of lodging, the levels of DON + NIV in wheat grain at harvest increased by 27-51% compared to nonlodged control plots. For rice, half of each plot area was completely lodged by trampling 20 days before harvest.The level of NIV in lodged rice grain was significantly higher than that in nonlodged rice at optimum and delayed harvests, because lodging significantly increased the level of Fusarium mycotoxins in the three crops. Thus, practices (e.g., rational use of fertilizers) to avoid lodging should reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination. This is the first epidemiological study on the effect of lodging on mycotoxin production by the F. graminearum species complex in wheat, barley, and rice.

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Trichothecene occurrence in Japanese wheat and barley-its characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of nitrogen application at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in breadmaking wheat in the western part of Japan

Effect of nitrogen application at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in breadmaking wheat in the western part of Japan

Sensitivity of Japanese Fusarium graminearum species complex isolates to metconazole

Effect of lodging on the level of mycotoxins in wheat, barley, and rice infected with the Fusarium graminearum species complex

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