Trichostrongylid infections in sheep after rainfall during summer in southern Australia

Niven, P; Anderson, Norman H.; Vizard, AL

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb11041.x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…L3 was not affected by rainfall (Niven et al 2002). This conclusion is strongly supported by agreement in results across the three species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Not surprisingly, such associations are most dramatic in semi-arid regions, where absence of rain may bring parasite transmission to a halt during the driest months and sharp peaks in the abundance of larvae on herbage can be seen after periods of rainfall (Chiejina and Fakae, 1989;Onyali et al 1990;Agyei, 1997;Sissay et al 2007). With respect to migration away from the dung and onto herbage, several pasture studies (Skinner and Todd, 1980;Krecek et al 1990;Niven et al 2002) have suggested that a film of moisture, through which larvae would swim, is needed for the migration onto herbage. With respect to migration away from the dung and onto herbage, several pasture studies (Skinner and Todd, 1980;Krecek et al 1990;Niven et al 2002) have suggested that a film of moisture, through which larvae would swim, is needed for the migration onto herbage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass

Dijk

Morgan

2011

Parasitology

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Detailed knowledge of the effects of water on the migration of infective larvae of economically important trichostrongyloid species is urgently needed to feed into prediction models of future epidemiology. The influence of water on the migration of the parasitic nematodes Nematodirus battus, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta from sheep dung onto grass was examined in a series of laboratory experiments. Turf plots were seeded with larvae, which were recovered from grass clippings by serial sampling. Free water was necessary for larvae to escape from dung, but not for vertical migration onto grass. When temperature and relative humidity were held constant, the proportion of a population of live larvae present on herbage reached a plateau of around 2 (1-10)% after 24 h, and then changed little over time. Larvae in soil and dung formed a reservoir, such that a similar proportion of the larval population was maintained on grass after clipping. These findings suggest continuing random movement of free larvae. Implications for the epidemiology of trichostrongyloid species are discussed in the context of trade-offs faced by the parasites.

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“…L3 was not affected by rainfall (Niven et al 2002). This conclusion is strongly supported by agreement in results across the three species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass

Dijk

Morgan

2011

Parasitology

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“…Several pasture-based studies (Skinner and Todd, 1980;Krecek et al, 1990;Niven et al, 2002) have suggested that a film of moisture is needed for the migration of larvae onto herbage, and this has become the established view among veterinary parasitologists. If this is indeed the case, larval migration is only possible either just after rains or when dew is found on grass leaves (Langrova et al, 2003).…”

Section: Migration Of Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions

Dijk

Sargison

Kenyon

et al. 2010

Animal

203

123

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In the UK, recent mean temperatures have consistently increased by between 18C and 48C compared to the 30-year monthly averages. Furthermore, all available predictive models for the UK indicate that the climate is likely to change further and feature more extreme weather events and a trend towards wetter, milder winters and hotter, drier summers. These changes will alter the prevalence of endemic diseases spatially and/or temporally and impact on animal health and welfare. Most notable among these endemic parasites are the helminths, which have been shown to be very strongly influenced by both the shortterm weather and climate through effects on their free-living larval stages on pasture. In this review, we examine recent trends in prevalence and epidemiology of key helminth species and consider whether these could be climate-related. We identify likely effects of temperature and rainfall on the free-living stages and some key parasite traits likely to determine parasite abundance under changed climatic conditions. We find clear evidence that climate change, especially elevated temperature, has already changed the overall abundance, seasonality and spatial spread of endemic helminths in the UK. We explore some confounders and alternative explanations for the observed patterns. Finally, we explore the implications of these findings for policy makers and the livestock industry and make some recommendations for future research priorities.

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“…The absence of rain may bring parasite transmission to a halt during the driest months (Rocha et al 2007), and sharp peaks in the abundance of larvae on herbage can be seen after periods of rainfall (Sissay et al 2007). Authors as Krecek et al (1990) and Niven et al (2002) have suggested that a film of moisture is needed for the migration from dung onto herbage, and thus, larval migration would only be possible either just after rains or when dew is found on grass leaves. According to Boom and Sheat (2008), the different climatic conditions between seasons of the year may lead to a selection pressure, thereby interfering with the variability among the species of trichostrongylid nematodes recovered in the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the integrated livestock–forest system on recovery of trichostrongylid nematode infective larvae from sheep

Faria¹,

Lopes

Krambeck³

et al. 2015

Agroforest Syst

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Trichostrongylid infections in sheep after rainfall during summer in southern Australia

Abstract: Rainfall events during summer determine the numbers of trichostrongylid larvae acquired by sheep in summer but further studies are necessary before the implications for strategic control programs in southern Australia can be fully assessed.

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass

The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto grass

Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions

Effect of the integrated livestock–forest system on recovery of trichostrongylid nematode infective larvae from sheep

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