Trichomonas vaginalisandTritrichomonas foetus:Expression of Chitin at the Cell Surface

Kneipp, Lucimar F.; Andrade, Arnaldo F.B.; Souza, Wanderley de; Angluster, Jayme; Alviano, Celuta Sales; Travassos, Luiz R.

doi:10.1006/expr.1998.4290

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our current results and those of previous studies (1) indicate that, rather than binding to chitin, WGA recognizes ␤-GlcNAc oligomers. We therefore hypothesize that the uniform profile of lectin binding observed after chitinase treatment is a result of the generation of cell wall chitooligosaccharides after partial enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin, as described in other models (17). Based on the fact that GXM was released from the cryptococcal surface after the treatment of yeast cells with chitinase, but not peptidase, we believe that WGA is indeed interacting with outer chitin branches or chitinlike structures in C. neoformans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Binding of the Wheat Germ Lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans Suggests an Association of Chitinlike Structures with Yeast Budding and Capsular Glucuronoxylomannan

Alvarez²,

et al. 2008

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The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is a complex structure whose assembly requires intermolecular interactions to connect its components into an organized structure. In this study, we demonstrated that the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which binds to sialic acids and ␤-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) oligomers, can also bind to cryptococcal capsular structures. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that these structures form round or hooklike projections linking the capsule to the cell wall, as well as capsule-associated structures during yeast budding. Chemical analysis of capsular extracts by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography suggested that the molecules recognized by WGA were firmly associated with the cell wall. Enzymatic treatment, competition assays, and staining with chemically modified WGA revealed that GlcNAc oligomers, but not sialic acids, were the molecules recognized by the lectin. Accordingly, treatment of C. neoformans cells with chitinase released glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) from the cell surface and reduced the capsule size. Chitinase-treated acapsular cells bound soluble GXM in a modified pattern. These results indicate an association of chitin-derived structures with GXM and budding in C. neoformans, which may represent a new mechanism by which the capsular polysaccharide interacts with the cell wall and is rearranged during replication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Binding of the Wheat Germ Lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans Suggests an Association of Chitinlike Structures with Yeast Budding and Capsular Glucuronoxylomannan

Alvarez²,

et al. 2008

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“…Calcofluor does stain both cellulose and chitin, making it impossible to distinguish between them, and the putative chitin-specific fluorescent probe Fungalase-F-FITC (Anomeric, Inc.) was shown also to react with cellulose (34). Both cellulose and chitin are recognized by N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin and tomato lectin (20,38). Furthermore, in a carefully performed study using other fluoresceinconjugated CBDs (family II CEX from Cellulomonas fimi and CBHII from T. reesei single domains), it was not possible to distinguish between cellulose and chitin (34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The D-CBD has the additional benefit that it can be produced heterologously rather efficiently in E. coli. Detection of chitin using antichitin antibodies seems to be possible (20,37). In analogy with the demonstrated cellulasebased immunocytochemical detection of cyst wall cellulose, the possibility of detecting chitin with chitinase is obvious.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Recombinant Cellulose-Binding Domains of Trichoderma reesei Cellulase as a Selective Immunocytochemical Marker for Cellulose in Protozoa

Winiecka-Krusnell

Linder

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Some unicellular organisms are able to encyst as a protective response to a harmful environment. The cyst wall usually contains chitin as its main structural constituent, but in some cases, as in Acanthamoeba, it consists of cellulose instead. Specific cytochemical differentiation between cellulose and chitin by microscopy has not been possible, due to the similarity of their constituent ␤-1,4-linked hexose backbones. Thus, various fluorescent brightening agents and lectins bind to both cellulose and chitin. We have used a recombinant cellulose-binding protein consisting of two cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) from Trichoderma reesei cellulases linked together in combination with monoclonal anticellulase antibodies and anti-mouse immunoglobulin fluorescein conjugate to specifically stain cellulose in the cysts of Acanthamoeba strains for fluorescence microscopy imaging. Staining was observed in ruptured cysts and frozen sections of cysts but not in intact mature cysts. No staining reaction was observed with the chitin-containing cyst walls of Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba dispar, or Pneumocystis carinii. Thus, the recombinant CBD can be used as a marker to distinguish between cellulose and chitin. Thirteen of 25 environmental or clinical isolates of amoebae reacted in the CBD binding assay. All 13 isolates were identified as Acanthamoeba spp. Five isolates of Hartmannella and seven isolates of Naegleria tested negative in the CBD binding assay. Whether cyst wall cellulose really is a unique property of Acanthamoeba spp. among free-living amoebae, as suggested by our findings, remains to be shown in more extensive studies.

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“…Despite their unconventional feeding habits, chitin was observed in the inner layer of resting spores and in immature resting spores for some species of Rozella, as indicated with calcofluorwhite staining, as well as the presence of a fungal-specific chitin synthase (CHS) gene (James and Berbee 2011). However, genes encoding fungal-like CHSs are abundant in members of many non-fungal lineages, such as amoebozoans (Entamoeba), trichomonads (Trichomonas and Tritrichomonas) and diatoms (Thalassiosira), stramenopiles and chromalveolates (Campos-Góngora et al 2004;Kneipp et al 1998;Durkin et al 2009;Greco et al 1990). …”

Section: Cryptomycota (Rozellida): Rozella Allomycismentioning

confidence: 99%

2 Genomics to Study Basal Lineage Fungal Biology: Phylogenomics Suggests a Common Origin

Shelest

Voigt

2014

Fungal Genomics

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Trichomonas vaginalisandTritrichomonas foetus:Expression of Chitin at the Cell Surface

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Binding of the Wheat Germ Lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans Suggests an Association of Chitinlike Structures with Yeast Budding and Capsular Glucuronoxylomannan

Binding of the Wheat Germ Lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans Suggests an Association of Chitinlike Structures with Yeast Budding and Capsular Glucuronoxylomannan

Use of Recombinant Cellulose-Binding Domains of Trichoderma reesei Cellulase as a Selective Immunocytochemical Marker for Cellulose in Protozoa

2 Genomics to Study Basal Lineage Fungal Biology: Phylogenomics Suggests a Common Origin

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