Trichomonas Vaginalis: A Reemerging Pathogen

Heine, Phillip; McGregor, James A.

doi:10.1097/00003081-199303000-00019

Cited by 148 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…Human and bovine trichomoniasis can lead to symptoms such as colpitis macularis (Heine & McGregor 1993), infertility (Felleisen 1999) and abortion (BonDurant 1997). Trichomonads are always described as extracellular, non-invasive parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus: interaction with fibroblasts and muscle cells - new insights into parasite-mediated host cell cytotoxicity

Vilela

Benchimol

2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are parasitic, flagellated protists that inhabit the urogenital tract of humans and bovines, respectively. T. vaginalis causes the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide and has been associated with an increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in humans. Infections by T. foetus cause significant losses to the beef industry worldwide due to infertility and spontaneous abortion in cows. Several studies have shown a close association between trichomonads and the epithelium of the urogenital tract. However, little is known concerning the interaction of trichomonads with cells from deeper tissues, such as fibroblasts and muscle cells. Published parasite-host cell interaction studies have reported contradictory results regarding the ability of T. foetus and T. vaginalis to interact with and damage cells of different tissues. In this study, parasite-host cell interactions were examined by culturing primary human fibroblasts obtained from abdominal biopsies performed during plastic surgeries with trichomonads. In addition, mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, primary chick embryo myogenic cells and L6 muscle cells were also used as models of target cells. The parasite-host cell cultures were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy and were tested for cell viability and cell death. JC-1 staining, which measures mitochondrial membrane potential, was used to determine whether the parasites induced target cell damage. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling staining was used as an indicator of chromatin damage. The colorimetric crystal violet assay was performed to ana-lyse the cytotoxicity induced by the parasite. The results showed that T. foetus and T. vaginalis adhered to and were cytotoxic to both fibroblasts and muscle cells, indicating that trichomonas infection of the connective and muscle tissues is likely to occur; such infections could cause serious risks to the infected host

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus: interaction with fibroblasts and muscle cells - new insights into parasite-mediated host cell cytotoxicity

Vilela

Benchimol

2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…The clinical spectrum in women ranges from asymptomatic carrier state in approximately 50 percent infected women while symptomatic patients may complain of vaginal discharge in 50-75 percent, with pruritus in 25-50 percent and dysuria in 30-50 pertcent and dyspareunia in 10-50 percent (Heine and McGregor, 1993;Valadkhani et al, 2003;Kaul et al, 2004). Infection during pregnancy may be associated with premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, low birth weight babies and also respiratory infection in infants.…”

Section: Clinical Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasites have been www.intechopen.com reported from toilet seat towels and allied objects, but, so far, no case of fomite transmission has been documented (Heine and McGregor, 1993). Honigber and King (1964) have detailed out initially the morphological characteristics of this urogenital pathogen and further detailed morphological, parasitological, biochemical and clinical aspects of the parasite have been amply reviewed earlier (Petrin et al, 1998;Schwebke and Burgess, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Trichomoniasis due to Trichomonas vaginalis - Current Perspectives

Malla¹

2012

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…vaginalis lacks the ability to synthesize many of the macromolecules de novo. Therefore, the uptake of nutrients is from the vaginal secretions or through the host and/or bacterial cells [3]. This implicates that T. vaginalis is required to include many of the essential macromolecules in culture media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Growth Rate and Antioxidant Activity of Trichomonas vaginalis

Razavi¹,

Foroudi²,

Rakhshandehroo³

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a common protozoan parasite found in females and males worldwide. The parasite causes mild to severe inflammations in the urogenital tract. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron excess on the growth rate and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in T. vaginalis. The parasite was cultured in Diamond's Trypticase Yeast Maltose (TYM) media with and without iron supplementation and assessed at 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days post inoculation (dpi). The results showed significant higher numbers of the parasite in medium with iron supplementation. Furthermore, our findings revealed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and CAT) in parasites cultured with iron supplementation. In conclusion, the present experiment showed that iron increased not only the multiplication rate but also the antioxidant activities of T. vaginalis. It seems that iron could protect T. vaginalis from toxic oxygen metabolites during tissue invasion and helps the parasite to maintain its pathogenicity for the host.

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Trichomonas Vaginalis: A Reemerging Pathogen

Cited by 148 publications

References 0 publications

Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus: interaction with fibroblasts and muscle cells - new insights into parasite-mediated host cell cytotoxicity

Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus: interaction with fibroblasts and muscle cells - new insights into parasite-mediated host cell cytotoxicity

Human Trichomoniasis due to Trichomonas vaginalis - Current Perspectives

The Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Growth Rate and Antioxidant Activity of Trichomonas vaginalis

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