Trichomes of Higher Plants: Homologous Series in Hereditary Variability and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Швачко, Н. А.; Semilet, Tatyana; Tikhonova, N. G.

doi:10.1134/s1022795420110083

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…(Huang et al, 2022), R. rugosa Thunb. (Wang et al, 2019), Cucumis sativus L. и других двудольных растений (Shvachko et al, 2020). Ген TTG1 является регулятором многих процессов у растений, в том числе специализации клеток, вторичного метаболизма, накопления запасных веществ, реакции на биотические и абиотические стрессорные факторы, а также времени цветения.…”

Section: ягодные культурыunclassified

The new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Rakhmangulov

Barabanov

Erastenkova

et al. 2023

Biotehnologiâ i selekciâ rastenij

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The use of modern breeding methods, biotechnology, and molecular genetics makes it possible to identify promising accessions with specified economically important traits at early pre-breeding stages. The success of creating new varieties depends on the availability of unique collections of plant genetic resources, information about genomes, possibility of in vitro cultivation with high regenerative capacity, and practical skills and competencies in this area. One of the advanced methods for accelerating the breeding process is genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system. This method allows the effective modification of genes in order to obtain varieties with desired traits. In 2022, a new youth laboratory of genetics, breeding, biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops was set up at VIR as part of the National Project "Science and Universities". It is noteworthy that this event coincided with the 135th anniversary of the birth of N.I. Vavilov. The work of the laboratory is aimed at obtaining lines with desired properties for the further breeding process; identifying target genes of economically important traits for obtaining new varieties, lines, and hybrids; as well as creating protocols for the accelerated reproduction of virus-free material of commercially demanded varieties oriented towards import substitution. This review discusses current trends in breeding of ornamental and berry crops: e.g., flower color change in snapdragon and peony; flower aroma improvement in rose; architectonics change in actinidia; and increase of resistance to stress factors in blackberries, strawberries, and grapes.

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Section: ягодные культурыunclassified

The new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Rakhmangulov

Barabanov

Erastenkova

et al. 2023

Biotehnologiâ i selekciâ rastenij

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“…The hairless phenotype of csgl3 exhibited due to the loss of function of CsGL3 is due to the insertion of an autonomous, active class I transposable element in CsGL3 ( Pan et al, 2015 ). It is speculated that Tril and CsGL3 may directly bind to CsTBH , CsMICT , and CsGL1 to activate downstream transcriptional activators such as CsMYB6 , CsWIN1 , and CsGL2 , and then promote the initiation of trichomes in leaves, stems and fruits ( Pan et al, 2015 ; Shvachko et al, 2020 ). The csgl2 mutant showed few trichomes or nodules on tendrils, calyx, ovary and fruit, but glabrous stems and leaves ( Cui et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Multicellular Trichome Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development

Han

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.

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“…Pubescence, an important phenotypic trait in vegetative and generative plant organs (Johnson, 1975;Karabourniotis et al, 2020;Shvachko et al, 2020), provides increased resistance to drought, pests, and various environmental factors (Fahmy, 1997;Bickford, 2016;Moles et al, 2020). This trait serves as a crucial morphological marker and is actively studied in genetic and breeding research aimed at developing crop varieties with enhanced resistance to stressful environmental factors (Papp et al, 1992;Du et al, 2009;Doroshkov et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introduction 1glume Pubescence In Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image-based classification of wheat spikes by glume pubescence using convolutional neural networks

Artemenko,

Genaev,

Epifanov

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionPubescence is an important phenotypic trait observed in both vegetative and generative plant organs. Pubescent plants demonstrate increased resistance to various environmental stresses such as drought, low temperatures, and pests. It serves as a significant morphological marker and aids in selecting stress-resistant cultivars, particularly in wheat. In wheat, pubescence is visible on leaves, leaf sheath, glumes and nodes. Regarding glumes, the presence of pubescence plays a pivotal role in its classification. It supplements other spike characteristics, aiding in distinguishing between different varieties within the wheat species. The determination of pubescence typically involves visual analysis by an expert. However, methods without the use of binocular loupe tend to be subjective, while employing additional equipment is labor-intensive. This paper proposes an integrated approach to determine glume pubescence presence in spike images captured under laboratory conditions using a digital camera and convolutional neural networks.MethodsInitially, image segmentation is conducted to extract the contour of the spike body, followed by cropping of the spike images to an equal size. These images are then classified based on glume pubescence (pubescent/glabrous) using various convolutional neural network architectures (Resnet-18, EfficientNet-B0, and EfficientNet-B1). The networks were trained and tested on a dataset comprising 9,719 spike images.ResultsFor segmentation, the U-Net model with EfficientNet-B1 encoder was chosen, achieving the segmentation accuracy IoU = 0.947 for the spike body and 0.777 for awns. The classification model for glume pubescence with the highest performance utilized the EfficientNet-B1 architecture. On the test sample, the model exhibited prediction accuracy parameters of F1 = 0.85 and AUC = 0.96, while on the holdout sample it showed F1 = 0.84 and AUC = 0.89. Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between image scale, artificial distortions, and model prediction performance, revealing that higher magnification and smaller distortions yielded a more accurate prediction of glume pubescence.

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Trichomes of Higher Plants: Homologous Series in Hereditary Variability and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

The new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

The new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development

Image-based classification of wheat spikes by glume pubescence using convolutional neural networks

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