Trichome-like emergences in Croton of Brazilian highland rock outcrops: Evidences for atmospheric water uptake

Vitarelli, Narah Costa; Riina, Ricarda; Cassino, Mariana Franco; Meira, Renata Maria Strozi Alves

doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2016.07.002

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Campos rupestres show the greatest degree of seasonality in precipitation among tropical montane ecosystems and, in this environment, plants use a wide range of strategies to cope with drought (Oliveira et al, ). These plants have morphological and physiological adaptations to improve water and nutrient acquisition, including drought‐tolerant, drought‐avoiding, and desiccation‐tolerant strategies (Castro, Silveira, Marcato, & Lemos‐Filho, ; Jacobi, Carmo, Vincent, & Stehmann, ; Oliveira et al, ; Porembski & Barthlott, ; Vitarelli, Riina, Cassino, & Meira, ). Drought‐tolerant species in campos rupestres deal with drought by maintaining metabolism and cell turgor through regulatory mechanisms, such as strong stomata control over water loss.…”

Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Velozia spp. and Croton spp., which occur in campos rupestres, are able to collect water through stems and adventitious roots (Oliveira, Dawson, & Burgess, 2005) and via FWU (Vitarelli et al, 2016). Hence, all these mechanisms can be very important to the water balance in páramos (e.g., Espeletia; Monasterio & Sarmiento, 1991) and in campos rupestres (e.g., Vellozia [Oliveira et al, 2005;Alcantara et al, 2015]), which are strongly affected by extreme diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in soil moisture availability and atmospheric demand.…”

Section: Vegetation Water Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

et al. 2018

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Montane ecosystems are known for their high numbers of endemic species, unique climate conditions, and wide variety of ecosystem services such as water supply and carbon storage. Although many ecohydrological and climatic studies of montane environments have been carried out in temperate and boreal regions, few have been done in Neotropical regions. Hence, the objective of this review is to synthesize the existing literature on the main factors (biotic and abiotic) that influence vegetation distribution, functional traits, and ecohydrological processes and feedbacks in tropical montane ecosystems and to identify key knowledge gaps. Most of the literature used includes work conducted in Neotropical montane rainforests, cloud forests, and grass/scrublands (e.g., páramos, punas, and campos de altitude/rupestres). Fog is a major climatic attribute in tropical montane habitats. We found that fog regimes (frequency and intensity of fog events) influence both water inputs (i.e., canopy interception and foliar water uptake) and outputs (evapotranspiration) and represent an important driver of local species composition, dominance of plant functional types, and ecological functioning. The stability and conservation of tropical montane ecosystems depends on such ecohydrological fluxes, which are sensitive to increases in air temperature and changing precipitation and fog regimes. Furthermore, to better inform effective conservation and restoration strategies, more work is needed to elucidate how key ecohydrological processes are affected by land use conversion to agriculture and pasture lands, as human activities influence the water budgets in Neotropical montane watersheds not only at regional‐scales but also globally.

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Section: Edaphic Climatic and Hydrological Controls On The Distribumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vegetation Water Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

et al. 2018

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“…However, the high k value in L. australis may be related to the emergences vascularized with tracheids, which favour water uptake and increase the absorption rate, as previously observed in Croton L. (Vitarelli et al . ). Moreover, LY reaches the palisade parenchyma in 1 h, reinforcing the results that L. australis has the highest rate ( k ) of leaf water uptake among the seven studied species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strategies of leaf water uptake based on anatomical traits

et al. 2018

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The ability of leaves to absorb fog water can positively contribute to the water and carbon balance of plants in montane ecosystems, especially in periods of soil water deficit. However, the ecophysiological traits and mechanisms responsible for variations in the speed and total water absorption capacity of leaves are still poorly known. This study investigated leaf anatomical attributes of seven species occurring in seasonal tropical high-altitude ecosystems (rocky outcrop and forest), which could explain differences in leaf water uptake (LWU) capacities. We tested the hypothesis that different sets of anatomical leaf attributes will be more marked in plant individuals living under these contrasting environmental conditions. Anatomical variations will affect the initial rate of water absorption and the total storage capacity, resulting in different strategies for using the water supplied by fog events. Water absorption by leaves was inferred indirectly, based on leaf anatomical structure and visual observation of the main access routes (using an apoplastic marker), the diffusion of water through the cuticle, and non-glandular or glandular trichomes in all species. The results suggest that three LWU strategies coexist in the species studied. The different anatomical patterns influenced the speed and maximum LWU capacity. The three LWU strategies can provide different adaptive advantages to adjust to temporal and spatial variations of water availability in these tropical high-altitude environments.

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“…Abaxially, trichomes are hygroscopic, participating in foliar water uptake. Hygroscopic peltate hairs have been reported in some angiosperm species (Gramatikopoulos and Manetas, 1994; Bickford, 2016; Eller et al, 2016; Pina et al, 2016; Vitarelli et al, 2016), being most outstanding in epiphytic bromeliads (Benzing and Burt, 1970; Benzing, 1976; Benzing et al, 1978; Benz and Martin, 2006; Ohrui et al, 2007). However, the presence of peltate hairs is not indicative of foliar water uptake (Bickford, 2016), since remarkable examples with peltate hairs such as in Olea europaea , showed no evidence of FWU (Arzeee, 1953).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idioblasts as pathways for distributing water absorbed by leaf surfaces to the mesophyll inCapparis odoratissima

Losada

Dı́az

Holbrook

2019

Preprint

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Capparis odoratissima is a tree species native to semi-arid environments of the northern coast of South America where low soil water availability coexists with frequent nighttime fog. Previous work with this species demonstrated that C. odoratissima is able to use water absorbed through its leaves at night to enhance leaf hydration, photosynthesis, and growth.Here, we combine detailed anatomical evaluations of the leaves of C. odoratissima, with water and dye uptake experiments in the laboratory. We used immunolocalization of pectin and arabinogalactan protein epitopes to characterize the chemistry of foliar water uptake pathways.The abaxial surfaces of C. odoratissima leaves are covered with overlapping, multicellular peltate hairs, while the adaxial surfaces are glabrous but with star-shaped “structures” at regular intervals. Despite these differences in anatomy, both surfaces are able to absorb condensed water, but this ability is most significant on the upper surface. Rates of evaporative water loss from the upper surface, however, are coincident with cuticle conductance. Numerous idioblasts connect the adaxial leaf surface and the adaxial peltate hairs, which contain hygroscopic substances such as arabinogalactan proteins and pectins.The highly specialized anatomy of the leaves of C odoratissima fulfills the dual function of avoiding excessive water loss due to evaporation, while maintaining the ability to absorb liquid water. Cell-wall related hygroscopic compounds present in the peltate hairs and idioblasts create a network of microchannels that maintain leaf hydration and promote the uptake of aerial water.

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Trichome-like emergences in Croton of Brazilian highland rock outcrops: Evidences for atmospheric water uptake

Cited by 35 publications

References 68 publications

Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems

Strategies of leaf water uptake based on anatomical traits

Idioblasts as pathways for distributing water absorbed by leaf surfaces to the mesophyll inCapparis odoratissima

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