Trichome Formation: Gibberellins on the Move

Jiao, Yuling

doi:10.1104/pp.16.00181

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The timing of abaxial trichome formation is associated with flowering time, consistent with the fact that the juvenile-to-adult vegetative phase change contributes to the acquisition of the competence to flower 21 . Studies revealed that TEM genes inhibit trichome initiation from the mesophyll, the lower layer of epidermis 22 , 23 . Fluorescently labeled GA3 exclusively accumulated in the mesophyll of cells, but not in the epidermis, suggesting that TEM plays an essential role in GA biosynthesis and distribution in the mesophyll, resulting in the epidermal trichome formation in Arabidopsis 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEMPRANILLO homologs in apple regulate flowering time in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca

Dejahang

Maghsoudi

Mousavi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The long juvenile period of fruit trees makes their breeding costly and time-consuming. Therefore, flowering time engineering and shortening the juvenile phase have become a breeding priority for the genetic improvement of fruit tree crops. Many economically valuable fruit trees belong to the Rosaceae family including apples and strawberries. TEMPRANILLO (TEM) acts as a key player in flowering time control through inhibiting FT function. Two genes with high sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis TEM genes were isolated from apple (Malus domestica). Due to the complexity of carrying out functional studies in apple, we characterized their function in woodland strawberry as well as their expression in apple. The expression of MdTEM genes in apple tissues from juvenile plants was dramatically higher than that in the tissues from adult trees. In woodland strawberry, the overexpression of MdTEM genes down-regulated FvFT1, FvGA3OX1, and FvGA3OX2 genes in strawberry. The MdTEM-overexpressing lines exhibited delayed flowering, in terms of days to flowering and the number of leaves at flowering. While, RNAi-mediated silencing of TEM resulted in five days earlier flowering, with a lower number of leaves, a higher trichome density, and in some cases, caused in vitro flowering. According to these results and in silico analyses, it can be concluded that MdTEM1 and MdTEM2 can be considered as orthologs of FvTEM and probably AtTEM genes, which play an important role in regulating the juvenile phase and flowering time through regulating FT and GA biosynthetic pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TEMPRANILLO homologs in apple regulate flowering time in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca

Dejahang

Maghsoudi

Mousavi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Phytohormones regulate trichome differentiation, but the ways in which they act are not fully known. The cytokinins (CKs) stimulate the formation of the trichomes overall on the inflorescences, while the gibberellins (GAs) and jasmonic acid (JA) act synergistically on the induction and number of hairs on various organs [5,9,114,115,116]. Therefore, the three phytohormones act positively on regulation of trichome growth; by contrast, the salicylic acid (SA) induces a repressive control on hair initiation [117].…”

Section: Gene and Hormonal Interaction In Trichome Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Genetic-Hormonal Regulatory Network Controlling the Trichome Development in Leaves

Fambrini

Pugliesi

2019

Plants

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Plant trichomes are outgrowths developed from an epidermal pavement cells of leaves and other organs. Trichomes (also called ‘hairs’) play well-recognized roles in defense against insect herbivores, forming a physical barrier that obstructs insect movement and mediating chemical defenses. In addition, trichomes can act as a mechanosensory switch, transducing mechanical stimuli (e.g., insect movement) into physiological signals, helping the plant to respond to insect attacks. Hairs can also modulate plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as water loss, an excess of light and temperature, and reflect light to protect plants against UV radiation. The structure of trichomes is species-specific and this trait is generally related to their function. These outgrowths are easily analyzed and their origin represents an outstanding subject to study epidermal cell fate and patterning in plant organs. In leaves, the developmental control of the trichomatous complement has highlighted a regulatory network based on four fundamental elements: (i) genes that activate and/or modify the normal cell cycle of epidermal pavement cells (i.e., endoreduplication cycles); (ii) transcription factors that create an activator/repressor complex with a central role in determining cell fate, initiation, and differentiation of an epidermal cell in trichomes; (iii) evidence that underlines the interplay of the aforesaid complex with different classes of phytohormones; (iv) epigenetic mechanisms involved in trichome development. Here, we reviewed the role of genes in the development of trichomes, as well as the interaction between genes and hormones. Furthermore, we reported basic studies about the regulation of the cell cycle and the complexity of trichomes. Finally, this review focused on the epigenetic factors involved in the initiation and development of hairs, mainly on leaves.

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“…Surprisingly, GA3-Fl accumulation in the mesophyll of rosette leaves in the Arabidopsis tem1-1 tem2-2 mutants was increased and distributed throughout a much larger leaf area in comparison with wild-type plants (Matías-Hernández et al, 2016). Indeed, TEM is known to inhibit GA biosynthesis, and also represses the expression of several GA transporters, including NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY (NPF) NPF2.3, NPF2.10, and NPF3.1 (Jiao, 2016). Therefore, TEM is essential for GA distribution.…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Gibberellin Signaling

Degefu¹,

Tesema²

2020

IJEAST

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This review covers recent advances in gibberellins(GA) signaling. Hormones gibberellins (GAs) are a class of diterpenoid acids that control many aspects of plants' life, including both developmental processes and stress responses. Nowadays, we have a good understanding of how GA levels are regulated and how this information is translated into physiological responses, mainly through genetic and biochemical approaches carried out during the last two decades in rice and Arabidopsis. Here, we review the current knowledge of the GA signaling, pathway from GA metabolism to the downstream responses and pay special attention to the regulatory molecular mechanisms. GA biosynthesis starts in plastids, whereas it's last steps, and also the GA inactivation, takes place in the cytosol. Importantly, the expression of gene coding enzymes that catalyze limiting steps, for example, the soluble GA 20-oxidases, is usually regulated by environmental cues, making the GA level very sensitive to changes in the environment. The binding of the hormone to the GID1 receptor provokes the degradation of the master negative regulators in the pathway, the transcriptional regulators DELLA proteins, and GA-promoted responses proceed. The biochemical basis of the GID1-GA-DELLA regulatory module is well established, but how DELLA proteins regulate downstream events is a matter of current intensive research. In this regard, the regulation of transcription factors' activity through direct physical interaction seems to be an extended yet not unique mechanism of DELLA action. Finally, how all this wealth of information is being used with biotechnological purposes is revised.

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Trichome Formation: Gibberellins on the Move

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

TEMPRANILLO homologs in apple regulate flowering time in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca

TEMPRANILLO homologs in apple regulate flowering time in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca

The Dynamic Genetic-Hormonal Regulatory Network Controlling the Trichome Development in Leaves

Review of Gibberellin Signaling

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