Trichoderma from Brazilian garlic and onion crop soils and description of two new species: Trichoderma azevedoi and Trichoderma peberdyi

Abstract

Fifty four Trichoderma strains were isolated from soil samples collected from garlic and onion crops in eight different sites in Brazil and were identified using phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS region, tef1-α, cal, act and rpb2 sequences. The genetic variability of the recovered Trichoderma species was analysed by AFLP and their phenotypic variability determined using MALDI-TOF. The strain clusters from both typing techniques coincided with the taxonomic determinations made from phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed the occurrence of Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma asperelloides, Trichoderma afroharzianum, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma lentiforme, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma erinaceum, in the soil samples. We also identified and describe two new Trichoderma species, both in the harzianum clade of section Pachybasium, which we have named Trichoderma azevedoi sp. nov. and Trichoderma peberdyi sp. nov. The examined strains of both T. azevedoi (three strains) and T. peberdyi (12 strains) display significant genotypic and phenotypic variability, but form monophyletic clades with strong bootstrap and posterior probability support and are morphologically distinct from their respective most closely related species.

Three New Reports of Trichoderma in Algeria: T. atrobrunneum, (South) T. longibrachiatum (South), and T. afroharzianum (Northwest)

“…The combined analysis of ITS and tef1 sequences is more advantageous for the identification of species [ 1 ], as a single sequence analysis like ITS is also not enough to molecularly identify closely related species [ 49 , 50 ]. The ITS BLAST results showed that strains ALG05, ALG07, ALG08, and ALG09 were located in T. harzianum , but this was not enough for species delimitation, as ca.…”

“…According to Chaverri et al [ 44 ], phylogenetic analyses seem to be linked to a certain segregation according to geographic sampling. Although no global study of the distribution of Trichoderma species can follow the rapid taxonomic change, recent reassessments of existing international culture collections and new collection efforts in sub-sampled geographic areas have significantly expanded our knowledge [ 50 ].…”

MIST: a Multilocus Identification System for Trichoderma

“…Therefore, the phenotype-based identification is prone to error. Moreover, the recognition of new Trichoderma species relies heavily on DNA-based methods (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The requirement for molecular characterization exists not only in Trichoderma taxonomy but is also commonly present in fungal diversity studies.…”

New species and records of Trichoderma isolated as mycoparasites and endophytes from cultivated and wild coffee in Africa

“…In the last two decades various studies have investigated the diversity and taxonomy of Trichoderma and numerous novel species have emerged using DNA sequence data 2 – 5 . However, despite the various surveys aimed at covering the diversity of this genus, such studies have been concentrated mostly in Asia, Europe and the Americas 6 – 13 . In contrast, until now, Africa has been poorly covered in terms of assessing the diversity of Trichoderma , with the exception of some studies involving specific regions or ecological niches, such as soil in South Africa 14 .…”